Prostaglandin D 2
Structural formula | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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General | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Surname | Prostaglandin D2 | |||||||||||||||||||||
other names |
(5 Z , 9ξ, 13 E , 15 S ) -9,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-acid |
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Molecular formula | C 20 H 32 O 5 | |||||||||||||||||||||
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properties | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 352.47 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||||||||
safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Prostaglandin D 2 (or PGD 2 for short ) belongs to the group of prostaglandins . It is formed from PGH 2 by prostaglandin D synthase . It belongs to the tissue hormones , activates the membrane-bound DP receptor and causes the increased formation of cAMP in the cells . In the mammalian organism, large amounts of PGD 2 are found in mast cells and in the brain and increasingly also in the scalp of humans with androgenetic hair loss . Of prostaglandin F 2a is believed that it counteracts the PGD2 with alopecia.
Effects
- PGD 2 (together with thromboxane and PGF 2α ) causes a contraction of the bronchial airways or intensifies a reaction to other bronchoconstrictors in asthmatic patients. The concentration of PGD 2 and TXA 2 in the bronchial secretion of asthmatic patients is 10 times higher than in control patients, especially after they came into contact with allergens .
- PGD 2 lowers the body temperature .
- PGD 2 has a sleep-inducing effect . Systemic mastocytosis patients fell asleep deeply asleep when their mast cells produced large amounts of PGD 2 .
- In 2012, PGD 2 - in conjunction with the steroid hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) - was identified as a probable cause of hereditary hair loss in men ( alopecia androgenetica ) on the basis of experiments in human tissue culture and on mice .
- PGD 2 partly works in the opposite direction to PGE 2
- PGD 2 has a vasodilatory effect.
Individual evidence
- ↑ harmonized classification for this substance . A labeling of prostaglandin D (2) in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on July 6, 2020, is reproduced from a self-classification by the distributor . There is not yet a
- ↑ Simmons D et al. Cyclooxygenase Isoenzymes: The Biology of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Inhibition. Pharmacol Rev 2004; 56: 387-437
- ↑ Luis A. Garza et al .: Prostaglandin D 2 Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia . In: Sci Transl Med . 4, No. 126, 2012, p. 126ra34. doi : 10.1126 / scitranslmed.3003122 .
- ↑ Androgenetic alopecia: prostaglandin explains hair loss. Deutsches Ärzteblatt from March 22, 2012.