Prostaglandin D ₂

Structural formula
General
Surname	Prostaglandin D2
other names	(5 Z , 9ξ, 13 E , 15 S ) -9,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-acid
Molecular formula	C 20 H 32 O 5
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 41598-07-6 EC number 636-995-9 ECHA InfoCard 100.164.741 PubChem 448457 ChemSpider 395250 DrugBank DB02056 Wikidata Q419750
properties
Molar mass	352.47 g mol −1
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 302-360 P: ?
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Prostaglandin D ₂ (or PGD _{2 for} short ) belongs to the group of prostaglandins . It is formed from PGH ₂ by prostaglandin D synthase . It belongs to the tissue hormones , activates the membrane-bound DP receptor and causes the increased formation of cAMP in the cells . In the mammalian organism, large amounts of PGD _{2 are found} in mast cells and in the brain and increasingly also in the scalp of humans with androgenetic hair loss . Of prostaglandin F 2a is believed that it counteracts the PGD2 with alopecia.

Effects

• PGD ₂ (together with thromboxane and PGF _2α ) causes a contraction of the bronchial airways or intensifies a reaction to other bronchoconstrictors in asthmatic patients. The concentration of PGD ₂ and TXA ₂ in the bronchial secretion of asthmatic patients is 10 times higher than in control patients, especially after they came into contact with allergens .
• PGD ₂ lowers the body temperature .
• PGD ₂ has a sleep-inducing effect . Systemic mastocytosis patients fell asleep deeply asleep when their mast cells produced large amounts of PGD ₂ .
• In 2012, PGD ₂ - in conjunction with the steroid hormone dihydrotestosterone (DHT) - was identified as a probable cause of hereditary hair loss in men ( alopecia androgenetica ) on the basis of experiments in human tissue culture and on mice .
• PGD ₂ partly works in the opposite direction to PGE ₂
• PGD ₂ has a vasodilatory effect.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ There is not yet a harmonized classification for this substance . A labeling of prostaglandin D (2) in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on July 6, 2020, is reproduced from a self-classification by the distributor .
2. ↑ Simmons D et al. Cyclooxygenase Isoenzymes: The Biology of Prostaglandin Synthesis and Inhibition. Pharmacol Rev 2004; 56: 387-437
3. ↑ Luis A. Garza et al .: Prostaglandin D ₂ Inhibits Hair Growth and Is Elevated in Bald Scalp of Men with Androgenetic Alopecia . In: Sci Transl Med . 4, No. 126, 2012, p. 126ra34. doi : 10.1126 / scitranslmed.3003122 .
4. ↑ Androgenetic alopecia: prostaglandin explains hair loss. Deutsches Ärzteblatt from March 22, 2012.