Protein chip

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The protein chip or protein microarray is a proteomic tool in clinical diagnostics , molecular biological research, and food and environmental analysis. A related method is the DNA chip .

method

The functionality of the protein chip technology is comparable to an ELISA ( enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ) in a smaller format. For this purpose, proteins are immobilized in a precise arrangement on a carrier chip (glass or plastic). The proteins most frequently used here are antibodies , which are also referred to as antibody chips. In principle, protein chip technology offers the possibility of recording every binding to a protein in an assay format. Other coupling proteins are, for example, enzymes for the detection of certain substrates or antigens for the detection of certain antibodies in a biological sample.

A protein chip is incubated with a biological sample and the binding of a biological marker to the immobilized protein is detected in the following steps. The detection method varies depending on the experimental setup, e.g. immunassays are used in a displacement format.

Similar to a DNA chip versus a Southern blot or Northern blot , the protein chip format offers several advantages over other techniques:

  • Reduction of the antibody and reagent requirement
  • Detection of the lowest concentrations of biomarkers
  • Integration of several assays on one chip (e.g. different biomarkers)
  • Miniaturization and automation of the analysis system for routine diagnosis

application

The protein chip is used in clinical diagnostics and research as well as food and environmental analysis . In diagnostics, the use for the determination of tumor markers , autoimmune diseases (e.g. juvenile diabetes) and infectious diseases has been described. In research, protein chips are used to determine functions in a high-throughput process, for example in the search for substrates for kinases , ligands of receptors or protein interactions. The diagnosis of certain heterogeneous hereditary diseases using protein chips is also being developed, for example in Usher's syndrome .

See also

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  1. ^ Gavin MacBeath and Stuart L. Schreiber (September 8, 2000) Printing Proteins as Microarrays for High-Throughput Function Determination. Science 289 (5485), 1760-1763, doi: 10.1126 / science.289.5485.1760 .
  2. ^ Richard B. Jones, Andrew Gordus, Jordan A. Krall, and Gavin MacBeath (12 January 2006) A quantitative protein interaction network for the ErbB receptors using protein microarrays. Nature 439, 168-174, doi: 10.1038 / nature04177 .

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