Kinase

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Kinase
Enzyme classification
EC, category 2.7.-.- transferase
Response type Phosphorylation
Products Phospho substrate

Kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphate residue from a nucleoside triphosphate (e.g. ATP ) to other substrates, there in particular through reaction with hydroxyl groups (-OH) and vice versa. They can be activated by other molecules (e.g. enzymes). In addition to aminotransferases and glycosyl transferases, kinases belong to the class of transferases . According to the EC number classification system, they belong to group EC 2.7.

In the history of biochemistry , the term “kinase” was used broadly. Enzymes were also called kinases, which convert zymogens into enzymes . One example is the classic enterokinase, which is now called enteropeptidase .

Kinases in the sugar metabolism

A group of kinases phosphorylates hydroxyl groups on sugar molecules . These can be found u. a. in both phases of glycolysis

Protein kinases

Main article: Protein kinase

Further acceptor groups for kinases are the alcoholic amino acid residues of proteins. The modifying enzymes, protein kinases , are the second most common class of proteins in higher cells. They are classified either according to the type of modified group ( serine , threonine , tyrosine ) or according to their activation mechanism (e.g. protein kinase A , protein kinase B (see insulin / cellular effects), protein kinase C , protein kinase G ). The effect of these kinases can be reversed by specialized protein phosphatases .

Multifunctional Kinases

Some kinases phosphorylate metabolites as well as other proteins. Thus, the phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) phosphorylates both 3- phosphoglycerate (by means of ATP) to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate and at least 3 proteins, e.g. B. Beclin 1 (involved in autophagy ), PDHK1 (pyruvate metabolism), and Bcl2 ( apoptosis ).

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Kinase  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. Zhimin Lu, Tony Hunter: Metabolic Kinases Moonlighting as Protein Kinases . In: Trends in Biochemical Sciences . tape 43 , no. 4 , April 2018, ISSN  0968-0004 , p. 301-310 , doi : 10.1016 / j.tibs.2018.01.006 , PMID 29463470 , PMC 5879014 (free full text) - ( elsevier.com [accessed on July 22, 2018]).