Proton synchrotron

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
CERN's accelerator complex
List of the current
particle accelerators at CERN
Linac 2 Accelerates protons
Linac 3 Accelerates ions
Linac 4 Accelerates negative hydrogen ions
AD Brakes antiprotons
LHC Collides protons or heavy ions
LEIR Accelerates lead ions
PSB Accelerates protons or ions
PS Mainly accelerates protons
PLC Accelerates protons, among other things
The premises of the Proton Synchrotron in 1965

The proton synchrotron ( PS ) is a synchrotron - particle with 628 m circumference at the CERN . Protons accelerated to 50 MeV with the linear accelerator LINAC II are fed into the PSB and accelerated to 1.4 GeV before they are passed on to the PS.

history

The Proton Synchrotron first went into operation in November 1959. The ceremonial opening of the CERN synchrotron took place on February 5, 1960 in the presence of numerous nuclear researchers. With a proton energy of 28.3  GeV , it was the most powerful particle accelerator in the world until the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron was commissioned in July 1960. The highest proton energy of a particle accelerator reached the synchrophasotron with 10 GeV.

With the construction of the next generation of accelerators, the Proton Synchrotron assumed various roles as a pre-accelerator. It was only the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) built in the 1970s that was fed with protons. In the years 1989–2000, when the Super Proton Synchrotron itself served as a pre-accelerator for the Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP), the PS was supplied with electrons and positrons to the SPS . Since the construction of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the PS has been feeding the SPS with protons and lead nuclei . In autumn 2006, at a conference to work out ways to increase the luminosity of the LHC, the replacement of the PS by a new building with double the size was advocated. Plans from the beginning of 2009 envisaged the construction of the Proton Synchrotron 2 (PS2) and the replacement of the pre-accelerator of the PS, which were discarded in 2011 for financial reasons.

business

The intense proton beam of the proton synchrotron is used to generate antiprotons . For experiments with antimatter, the generated antiprotons were first slowed down with the PS itself, until the Antiproton Decelerator AD, specially built for this purpose, went into operation in July 2000. From 1981 the SPS was used for proton-antiproton collision experiments, for this purpose the protons generated with the PS were first temporarily stored in an "antiproton accumulator" storage ring and then introduced into the SPS after pre-acceleration in the PS.

The beam in the PS is directed by conventional, non- superconducting magnets, which enables operation at room temperature. Modifications made it possible to increase the original beam intensity of the 1950s by a factor of 1000; the maximum proton energy is currently 25 GeV. In addition to protons, electrons and positrons, antiprotons, alpha particles , oxygen ions and sulfur ions were also accelerated in the PS .

Web links

Commons : Proton Synchrotron  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Klaus Hoffmann: J. Robert Oppenheimer: Creator of the first atomic bomb . Springer, 1995, ISBN 978-3-540-59330-0 , pp. 267 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ↑ CERN: CERN History highlights - 1959: the PS starts up ( English ) Retrieved November 24, 2009.
  3. ↑ Ted Wilson, CERN: Super Proton Synchrotron marks its 25th birthday ( English ) Cerncourier. June 2, 2001. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
  4. ↑ Walter Scandale and Frank Zimmermann, CERN: LUMI'06 takes strides towards LHC upgrade ( English ) CERN Courier. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
  5. ↑ M.Benedikt: PS2 Project and Status ( English ) CERN. February 26, 2009. Retrieved December 1, 2009.
  6. ↑ SLHC-PP Preparatory phase of the Large Hadron Collider upgrade. (pdf; 11.5 MB) CERN, June 6, 2011, p. 2 , accessed on August 1, 2013 (English).
  7. ↑ Günther Plass: 50 years of CERN - CERN's heart beats as strong as ever ( English ) CERN Courier. Retrieved January 27, 2004.
  8. ↑ Daniel Denegri: When CERN saw the end of the alphabet ( English ) CERN Courier. Retrieved May 1, 2003.
  9. ↑ CERN: CERN - PS: a versatile juggler of particles ( English ) Retrieved on November 24, 2009.

Coordinates: 46 ° 13 '55 "  N , 6 ° 2' 55"  E ; CH1903:  four hundred and ninety-two thousand seven hundred and seventy-one  /  121008