Super proton synchrotron

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CERN's accelerator complex
List of the current
particle accelerators at CERN
Linac 2 Accelerates protons
Linac 3 Accelerates ions
Linac 4 Accelerates negative hydrogen ions
AD Brakes antiprotons
LHC Collides protons or heavy ions
LEIR Accelerates lead ions
PSB Accelerates protons or ions
PS Mainly accelerates protons
PLC Accelerates protons, among other things
Position and size of the LHC ring together with the smaller ring of the PLC

The Super Proton Synchrotron ( SPS ) is a synchrotron type particle accelerator at CERN . The SPS is used to accelerate protons and lead ions (as a pre-accelerator of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)), antiprotons , electrons , positrons and heavy ions . These particles are usually pre-accelerated in the proton synchrotron .

Technical specifications

The SPS achieves particle energies of up to 450 GeV . It has a circumference of 6,912 meters and, in addition to cavity resonators, consists of 744 dipole magnets and 216 quadrupoles .

history

The Super Proton Synchrotron was designed and built under General Manager John Adams . It went into operation on June 17, 1976. It was originally intended as a 300 GeV accelerator , but then reached 400 GeV. Even if this was an excellent achievement, it was not a world record as the Fermilab's Main Injector had already reached 500 GeV a few months earlier .

From 1981 to 1984 the accelerator was used for the collision of hadrons (especially proton - antiproton ), for example in the UA1 and UA2 experiments, which led to the discovery of the W and Z bosons , for which Carlo Rubbia and Simon van the sea were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1984 . Simon van der Meer also developed the stochastic cooling method at the SPS .

In 1999, the CP violation was also detected in the NA48 experiment .

The Super Proton Synchrotron supplied the CNGS experiment until December 2012 , during which a neutrino beam was sent to the Gran Sasso laboratory in Italy , 730 km away .

Current experiments

It is currently used in the COMPASS experiment (NA58), the NA61 experiment (SHINE), and the NA62 experiment.

Super PLC

For the future of the Large Hadron Collider , an upgrade to the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider is planned to increase the luminosity from 2025. Most of the pre-accelerators would also have to be renewed, including the SPS, in order to accelerate a higher number of protons.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ PLC operation . Retrieved October 10, 2014.
  2. ↑ Super Proton Synchrotron marks its 25th birthday . Retrieved October 10, 2014. 
  3. ↑ "CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso" (accessed on August 24, 2017)
  4. ↑ The Super Proton Synchroton . Retrieved October 10, 2014.

Coordinates: 46 ° 14 ′ 42 "  N , 6 ° 3 ′ 22"  E ; CH1903:  four hundred and ninety-three thousand three hundred seventy-five  /  122448