Puccinia brachypodii
| Puccinia brachypodii | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Puccinia brachypodii | ||||||||||||
| Otth |
Puccinia brachypodii is a stand fungal art from the order of the rust fungi (Pucciniales). The fungus is an endoparasite of barberries ( Berberis spp.) And sweet grasses of the tribe Aveneae and Poeae . Symptoms of the infestation by the species are rust spots and pustules on the leaf surfaces of the host plants. It is common all over the world.
features
Macroscopic features
Puccinia brachypodii can only be recognized with the naked eye by means of the spore beds protruding on the surface of the host. They grow in nests that appear as yellowish to brown spots and pustules on the leaf surfaces.
Microscopic features
The mycelium of Puccinia brachypodii grows as with all Puccinia TYPES intercellular and forms Saugfäden that grow into the storage tissue of the host. The aecia of the species grow locally on barberries, their hyaline aeciospores are wrinkled and 22–27 × 15–21 µm in size. The yellow-brown uredia of the fungus grow on the upper leaf surfaces of the host plant. Their yellowish uredospores are broadly ellipsoidal to broadly ovate, 21-25 × 16-21 µm in size and finely spiky. The parts of the species growing on both or underside of the leaves are blackish and covered. The golden to hazel-brown teliospores are two-celled, usually long ovate to oblong and 30–38 × 17–23 µm in size; their stalk is brownish and up to 12 µm long.
distribution
The known distribution area of Puccinia brachypodii covers the entire world.
ecology
The host plants of Puccinia brachypodii are barberries ( Berberis spp.) For the haplonts , sweet grasses of the branches Aveneae and Poeae for the dikaryotes . The fungus feeds on the nutrients present in the storage tissue of the plants, its spore beds later break through the leaf surface and release spores. The species has a complete, so-called macrocyclical development cycle with aecia, spermogonia, telia and uredia, but does not necessarily change host. The variety Puccinia brachypodii var. Arrhenateri , sometimes viewed as a species of its own, triggers witch's brooms on barberries, which attract flies and hymenoptera , including ants , with the yellow leaves and nectar produced by the fungus . The fungus allows the plant to develop pseudo flowers.
Systematics
Puccinia brachypodii was first described by Gustav Heinrich Otth . Numerous synonyms have been described. Since it is a complex species, Cummins described four varieties in 1966: Puccinia brachypodii Otth var. Brachypodii , Puccinia brachypodii Otth var. Major Cummins & HC Greene, Puccinia brachypodii Otth var. Arrhenatheri (adhesive) Cummins & HC Greene, and Puccinia brachypodii Otth var. Poae-nemoralis (Otth) Cummins & HC Greene. However, the latter is usually viewed as a separate species, namely Puccinia poae-nemoralis .
literature
- George Baker Cummins: The Rust Fungi of Cereals, Grasses and Bamboos . Springer, Berlin 1971, ISBN 3-540-05336-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. Naef, BA Roy, R. Kaiser, R. Honegger: Insect-mediated reproduction of systemic infections by Puccinia arrhenatheri on Berberis vulgaris. In: New Phytologist. 2002; 154, pp. 717-730. doi: 10.1046 / j.1469-8137.2002.00406.x .
- ↑ George B. Cummins, HC Greene: A Review of the Grass Rust Fungi That Have Uredial Paraphyses and Aecia on Berberis - Mahonia . In: Mycologia. 1966; 58, pp. 702-721. on-line