Pucciniomycotina
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Pear grate ( Gymnosporangium fuscum ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pucciniomycotina | ||||||||||||
| R. Bauer , Begerow , JP Samp. , M. Weiss & Oberw. |
The Pucciniomycotina are a subdivision of the stand mushrooms (Basidiomycota). They include over 8,000 known species , with over 90% belonging to the rust fungi (Pucciniales). Most of the representatives are parasites on plants, animals and fungi.
Features and way of life
The representatives of the Pucciniomycotina show great heterogeneity in their morphological characteristics. All representatives have a secondary structure of the 5S RNA that is different from the other mushrooms , which is referred to as type A. Your cell wall is mainly composed of the simple sugar mannose . They have simple septa , a membrane cap is missing. Most species have phragmobasidia , only Pachnocybe, Chionosphaera and Curvibasidium , perhaps also Colacosiphon have holobasidia . The spores are formed on scattered basidia or - less often - in complex fruiting bodies .
In the group, dimorphism, hidden fruiting body formation, heteroceia (host change) and several spore types have developed several times. Some of the species form hyphae , others grow yeast-like , others have both growth forms (are dimorphic).
The group consists mainly of parasites: the Pucciniales and Microbotryales are plant pathogens, Tuberculina and Spiculogloea are fungal parasites, and the Septobasidiales parasitize insects. Few species are likely to be saprobionts or their diet is unknown. Some species are human pathogens. Symbionts are not known in the group. They colonize most habitats, including fresh and marine water.
Systematics
The Pucciniomycotina are one of the three large groups of mushrooms. They are divided into several classes:
- Class Pucciniomycetes (with the rust mushrooms )
- Class Cystobasidiomycetes
- Class Agaricostilbomycetes
- Class Microbotryomycetes
- Class Atractiellomycetes
- Class Classiculomycetes
- Class Mixiomycetes
- Class Cryptomycocolacomycetes
A more detailed overview with the associated orders can be found in the systematics of mushrooms . The Pucciniomycotina were previously under the name Urediniomycetes (derived from the Latin uredinium for the Uredosorus) and Uredinomycetes (derived from the generic name Uredo ). Both names are used for both the taxon of the Pucciniomycotina and the Pucciniomycetes . Bauer et al. (2006) have therefore described the name Pucciniomycotina, which was used by Hibbett et al. 2007 was adopted in the overall system of mushrooms.
The Pucciniomycotina is likely to be an old lineage within the mushrooms.
supporting documents
- MC Aime et al .: An overview of the higher level classification of Pucciniomycotina based on combined analyzes of nuclear large and small subunit rDNA sequences . Mycologia, Volume 98, 2006, pp. 896-905.
- Robert Bauer, Dominik Begerow, José Paulo Sampaio, Michael Weiß, Franz Oberwinkler: The simple-septate basidiomycetes: a synopsis . Mycological Progress, Volume 5, 2006, pp. 41-66, ISSN 1617-416X , doi : 10.1007 / s11557-006-0502-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ DS Hibbett et al .: A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi . Mycological research, Volume 111, 2007, pp. 509-547, PMID 17572334 (PDF; 1.3 MB)
