Tridentate doll snail

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Tridentate doll snail
Tridentate pupa snail (Pupilla triplicata)

Tridentate pupa snail ( Pupilla triplicata )

Systematics
Subordination : Land snails (Stylommatophora)
Superfamily : Pupilloidea
Family : Doll snails
Genre : Pupilla
Subgenus : Pupilla
Type : Tridentate doll snail
Scientific name
Pupilla triplicata
( Studer , 1820)

The three-toothed pupa snail ( Pupilla triplicata ) is a terrestrial snail species from the family of the pupil snail (Pupillidae).

features

The housing is 2.2 to 2.8 mm (very rarely up to 4 mm) long and 1.4 mm wide (thick). It is cylindrical with six to seven strongly arched passages and an almost hemispherical rounded apex. The mouth is rounded to oblong-oval; the edge of the mouth is turned over and widened, but quite thin and pointed. The strong, whitish neck bulge is set off from the actual mouth edge by a groove. Usually three teeth protrude into the mouth ; a parietal tooth, a columellar tooth and a palatal tooth. The palatal tooth usually shines through the shell and can be seen from the outside as a white line. The populations in Hungary always develop only two teeth. The outside of the reddish-brown colored case is almost smooth, shows only a very fine streak of growth, which makes it shine.

In the hermaphroditic genital apparatus, the spermatic duct branches off from the egg duct early. The spermatic duct, which is not very twisted, enters the epiphallus apically , which is slightly swollen at this point. The epiphallus is about as long as the penis, the transition is marked by a small conical caecum. After about a third (after the epiphallus / penis transition), a long appendix that is club-shaped and thickened at the end begins. The appendix is ​​longer than the penis. The retractor muscle divides into two strands; one cord starts near the base of the penile appendix, the other cord at the thickened point of the epiphallus, near the entrance of the vas deferens into the epiphallus. Free fallopian tubes and especially the vagina are comparatively very long. The stem of the spermathec is moderately long and thin. A thin diverticulum that is longer than the bladder branches off just below the small seminal vesicle.

Similar species

The three-toothed pupa snail is significantly smaller and the growth strips on the surface are usually finer than those of the other pupilla species. The teeth are also more lamellar than in the other Pupilla species.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species comes from the Pyrenees in the west, over the French and Swiss Alps, the Jura, some isolated occurrences further north in France (southern Alsace, lower Maas valley) and in southern Germany (southern Franconian Jura), the Czech Republic, southern Poland, Austria to to Croatia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria. From there the distribution area stretches across the Carpathian Mountains, the Crimean Peninsula, northern Turkey, the Caucasus to Central Asia (Lake Baikal) and the Altai. It has now also been proven in Northwest Africa.

The species prefers grassy habitats on limestone or limestone rubble that are sunny, dry and overgrown with xerophilic vegetation. It usually occurs between 300 and 1000 m above sea level, but in Switzerland it was also found at an altitude of up to 2600 m.

Taxonomy

The taxon was first described in 1820 by Samuel Emanuel Studer as Glischrus (Pupa) triplicata . The taxon is now generally recognized as a valid species of the genus Pupilla . Fauna Europaea recorded following synonyms : Pupa bidentata Westerlund, 1876, Pupa edentata Westerlund, 1876, Pupa parvula Mousson, 1876, Pupa suboviformis O. Boettger, 1879, Pupa unidentata Westerlund, 1876, Pupilla bibaca M. of Kimakowicz, 1890 and Pupa luxurians Reinhardt, 1877.

Hazard and protection

The populations at low altitudes are generally threatened by habitat destruction. The species has already become extinct in Rhineland-Palatinate. In Germany as a whole, it is considered extremely rare.

supporting documents

literature

  • Rosina Fechter, Gerhard Falkner: Mollusks. 287 pp., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 .
  • Michael P. Kerney, RAD Cameron, Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 pp., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 .
  • Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Planet Poster Ed., Göttingen 2012, ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5
  • Vollrath Wiese: Germany's land snails. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 2 Subclasa Pulmonata I Ordo Basommatophora II Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafamiliile: Succinacea, Cochlicopacea, Pupillacea. 443 pp., Bucharest 1987 (pp. 281/2).
  2. ↑ V. Stamol, E. Kletecki: New finding sites of some interesting species of Croatian terrestrial malacofauna (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Natura Croatica, 18 (1): 91-112, 2009 Abstract  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / md1.csa.com  
  3. ↑ IK Dedov: Annotated check-list of the Bulgarian terrestrial snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Linz biol. Contribution, 30 (2): 745-765, 1998 PDF
  4. ^ F. Welter Schultes (last editor): Pupilla triplicata . In: Animal Base. Lower Saxony State and University Library, accessed on October 7, 2012 (English).
  5. ^ Stefan Meng, Matthias Hoffmann: Pupilla seminskii n. Sp. (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Pupillidae) from the Russian Altay Mollusca. 27 (1): 83-86, 2009 PDF
  6. ↑ MB Seddon, DT Holyoak: Land gastropoda of NW. Africa. New distributional data and nomenclature. Journal of Conchology, 34: 311-323, 1993 abstract
  7. ↑ Samuel Emanuel Studer: Short list of the conchylia discovered up to now in our fatherland. Naturwissenschaftlicher Anzeiger der Allgemeine Schweizerische Gesellschaft für die Gesammte Naturwissenschaften, 3 (11): 83-90, 91-94, Bern (not seen, only incomplete, completely unsuccessful scan on Google Books ).
  8. ^ Samuel Emanuel Studer: Systematic directory of the Swiss conchylia that have become known up to now. 32 p., Bern, printed in the Stämpflischen Buchdruckerey, 1820. Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 19)
  9. ↑ a b Wiese, Landschnecken, p. 108.
  10. ↑ a b Welter-Schultes, Identification Book, p. 132.
  11. ↑ Fauna Europaea

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