Puquina
Puquina or Pukina was an indigenous language that was spoken on the north and east banks of Lake Titicaca and in the north of today's Chile ( Arica ) to southern Peru ( Tacna and Moquegua ) and became extinct in the 18th century.
Puquina was one of the major lingua franca ( besides Quechua , Aymara and Muchik ) that were spoken in the area of the Inca Empire ( Tawantinsuyu ) at the time of the Conquista . The language has been handed down through some Christian doctrinal texts and prayers (Our Father, Sacrament of Baptism / Marriage, Eucharist, Creed), to be found in the Rituale seu Manuale Peruanum 1607 by Gerónimo de Oré . Some scholars suspect that Puquina was the language of the Tiahuanaco Empire, which broke up after the invasion of the Aymara- speaking Lupaca and Pacaje .
Remnants of the Puquina can be found in the language of the Kallawaya (Callahuaya) , a mixed language of Quechua and Puquina. The term puquina is sometimes misleadingly used for the unrelated language of the Urus (on the north shore of Lake Titicaca).
The Puquina language was studied by the Peruvian linguist Alfredo Torero (1965, 2002) based on the text from 1607. According to his findings, it has no close relationship with any living or other adequately documented language. Recent studies suggest a possible relationship with the pre-Andean Arawak languages .
literature
- Willem Adelaar : Historical overview: Descriptive and comparative research on South American Indian languages. In: Lyle Campbell , Verónica Grondona (Ed.): The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, pp. 1-57. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin / Boston 2012. Puquina : p. 4.
- Lyle Campbell : Classification of the indigenous languages of South America. In: Lyle Campbell, Verónica Grondona: The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, pp. 59–166. De Gruyter Mouton, Berlin / Boston 2012. Puquina: p. 103.
- Gerónimo de Oré: Rituale seu Manuale Peruanum (manual for proselytizing from 1607, in various indigenous languages, contains a larger part of the Christian doctrine on Puquina, originally from the lost manuscript of the Jesuit priest Alonso de Barzana from 1590)
- Alfredo Torero : Le puquina, la troisième langue générale du Pérou. Doctoral thesis, Université de Paris (Sorbonne), 1965 (in French)
- Alfredo Torero: Lenguas y pueblos altiplánicos en torno al siglo XVI. In: Revista Andina, 1987, No. 2. [1]
Individual evidence
- ^ Willem Adelaar, Simon van de Kerke: The Puquina and Leko Languages. In: Symposion Adavances in Native South American Historical Linguistics. 52nd International Congress of Africanists. Seville, 17.-18. July 2006.