Kallawaya

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Kallawaya in Panama (where they treated Panama Canal workers)

Kallawaya (sometimes also Qallawaya , Spanish Callahuaya ) is the name of an ethnic group in Bolivia and at the same time the name for their medicine men or healers, who are known to indigenous people in certain regions of the Andes because of their healing arts .

The Andean cosmovision of the Kallawaya was included in the UNESCO list of Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2003 and in 2008 it was included in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity . The title of the proclamation is in German: The cosmic worldview of the Kallawaya (ethnic group) shaped by the Andean region (myths, rituals, medicine) (2003)

Etymology and history

According to one theory, the name is derived from the Aymara words qulla and wayu - one means "herbal medicine", the second "carry". The Callawayas would therefore be "medicinal herbs wearers". (According to Oblitas Poblete, Cochabamba 1970, quoted in Ina Rösing , Die Verbrieb der Trauer, first Nördlingen 1987). In the early colonial times, however, the spellings Kallawaya (Callahuaya), Calavaya and Carabaya were used equally and the "provinces" Hatun Calavaya (Greater Calavaya) and Calavaya la chica (Little Caravaya) emerged. The former comprised the eastern Andean highlands from the Cordillera de Carabaya (hence the name) to the current Peruvian-Bolivian border, the latter from the border to today's Larecaja province in Bolivia. The area was interesting until recently because of its gold deposits and because there are accesses to the lowlands. In history, the Kallawaya people were primarily perceived as traders, artisans (amulets) and of course as healers. The illustration of the indigenous chronicler Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala from the work "Nueva Corónica y Buen Gobierno" is also known. On page 331 you can see the representation of the Inca rulers Topa Yupanqui and Mama Ocllo carried in a sedan chair. In the picture one reads: "llevan al ynga los yndios callauaya" - "Callauaya indios carry the Inca".

region

The Kallawaya belong to a Quechua-speaking ethnic group that lives in the northeast of Lake Titicaca, on the border between Bolivia and Peru in the area of ​​the Cordillera Apolobamba and the Cordillera Muñecas in the Andes .

Culture

The Kallawaya people are known for their medicine, in which medicine made from plant, animal and mineral products is combined with rituals. The weaving of the Kallawaya area is outstanding in its technique and processing. The typical dance of the Kallawaya ethnic group is the Qantu (Khantu), which is accompanied on pan flutes ( Sikus ).

language

The Kallawaya generally speak Quechua , but the healers use a special secret language called Machchaj-Juyai or Callahuaya , which has developed through the mixing of Puquina , which was previously spoken in this region, with Quechua. The vocabulary comes mainly from Puquina, the morphology from Quechua.

See also

  • K'atú , an alcoholic drink that goes back to the Kallawaya

literature

  • Enrique Oblitas Poblete: Cultura Callawaya. 3. Edition. La Paz 1978.
  • T. Gisbert, T. Saignes and others: Espacio y tiempo en el mundo Callahuaya. La Paz 1984.
  • Ina Rösing: They look at you - they look away. Indian portraits of the Andean Kallawaya region. Weishaupt Verlag, Gnas / Austria 2009, ISBN 978-3-7059-0286-2 .
  • Ina Rösing: Everyday life in the Andes. In the shadow of the UNESCO World Heritage designation of the Kallawaya culture. Weishaupt Verlag, Gnas / Austria 2008, ISBN 978-3-7059-0275-6 .
  • Ina Rösing: Religion, ritual and everyday life in the Andes. The ten sexes of Amarete, Bolivia. Second ANKARI cycle: collective rituals of the Kallawaya region in the Andes of Bolivia. (= MUNDO ANKARI. Volume 6). 2nd Edition. Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-496-02706-5 .
  • Ina Rösing: Trinity and Places of Power: The White Healing. Nocturnal healing rituals in the high Andes of Bolivia. (= MUNDO ANKARI. Volume 2, Book I and. II). 4th edition. Asan-ger Verlag, Kröning 2006, ISBN 3-89334-465-9 .
  • Ina Rösing: Defense and Corruption: The Black Healing. Nocturnal healing rituals in the high Andes of Bolivia. (= MUNDO ANKARI. Volume 3). 3. Edition. Asanger Verlag, Kröning 2006, ISBN 3-89334-466-7 .
  • Ina Rösing: Closing the circle: From black healing to gray to white. Nocturnal healing rituals in the high Andes of Bolivia. (= MUNDO ANKARI. Volume 4). 2nd Edition. Asanger Verlag, Kröning 2006, ISBN 3-89334-467-5 .
  • Ina Rösing: Rituals to call the rain. Second ANKARI cycle: collective rituals of the Kallawaya region in the Andes of Bolivia. (= MUNDO ANKARI. Volume 5). 2nd Edition. Asanger Verlag, Kröning 2006, ISBN 3-89334-468-3 .
  • Ina Rösing: Ulmer Quechua teachings I: Pronunciation and spelling: rules, examples, exercises. With minimal grammar and pronunciation cassette. (Bilingual). Ulm University, Center for Languages ​​and Philology, Ulm 1995, ISBN 3-930935-00-7 .
  • Ina Rösing, Marcos Apaza and others: Dialogues with gods of mountains, lightning, springs and lakes: White Kallawaya prayers. Asanger Verlag, Kröning 1994, ISBN 3-930983-00-1 .
  • Ina Rösing: The banishment of grief. (Llaki Wij'chuna.) Nocturnal healing rituals in the high Andes of Bolivia. (= MUNDO ANKARI. Volume 1). 3. Edition. Zweiausendeins, Frankfurt 1992, ISBN 3-86150-251-8 .
  • Ina Rösing: The lightning bolt: threat and appeal. Belief and ritual in the Andes of Bolivia. Trickster, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-923804-40-7 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ unesco.org
  2. ↑ Cf. Digitalisat Det Kongelige Bibliotek , GKS 2232 4º: Guaman Poma, Nueva corónica y buen gobierno (1615) kb.dk