Pyrausta nigrata

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Pyrausta nigrata
Pyrausta nigrata

Pyrausta nigrata

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Superfamily : Common moth (Pyraloidea)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Pyraustinae
Genre : Pyrausta
Type : Pyrausta nigrata
Scientific name
Pyrausta nigrata
( Scopoli , 1763)

Pyrausta nigrata is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of Crambidae .

features

The moths have a wingspan of 14 to 17 mm (or a fore wing length of 8 to 9 mm). The wings are colored black-brown, each with a curved, white cross band. On the forewing it roughly corresponds to the outer transverse line, and on the hind wing to the median line. There is also a discal spot on the forewing and a line or spot on the inner edge, roughly in the area of ​​the inner transverse line. On the hind wing there is also a white spot in the root field (or basal field).

The caterpillar is green to light brown in color, often a little darker on the back. It has a weakly indicated back line. The pinnacula on segments I, II, III and VII are dark brown, the remaining pinnacula are lighter. The head is light with a dark brown pattern. The neck plate is olive green. It is up to 19 mm long when grown.

Similar species

There is also a certain similarity to Pyrausta cingulata and Pyrausta rectefascialis . These species can be clearly distinguished from Pyrausta nigrata by the slightly wavy or straight forewing transverse band and the lack of other small white drawing elements on the forewings .

Geographical distribution and habitat

Pyrausta nigrata is widespread in Europe, from Portugal in the west to Russia . In the north the distribution area extends to Scandinavia in the south to Italy and the Balkan Peninsula as well as to north-western Turkey ( province of Bursa ).

The species prefers dry, but also slightly more humid, grassy habitats in the open landscape.

Way of life

Pyrausta nigrata probably forms two generations; the diurnal moths fly from mid-April to August.

The oligophagous caterpillars live in a web close to the ground in the food plants. Sand thyme ( Thymus serpyllum ), oregano ( Origanum vulgare ), field mint ( Mentha arvensis ), meadow sage ( Salvia pratensis ), Meier ( Asperula ) and woodruff ( Galium odoratum ) are eaten . The small caterpillars first of all eat the top layer of the leaves, later pitting and total eating takes place. The caterpillar overwinters and pupates in spring.

Systematics and taxonomy

The taxon was first scientifically described in 1763 by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli as Phalaena nigrata . The holotype was collected in "districtu Idriensi" (= Idrija , Slovenia ) and is lost today.

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ^ UK moths website by Ian Kimber
  2. ↑ a b Hannemann, 1964, p. 358.
  3. ↑ Hasenfuss, 1960, pp. 209-210.
  4. ↑ DTMF Corley, E. Marabuto, E. Maravalhas, P. Pires, JP Cardoso: New and interesting Portuguese Lepidoptera records from 2008 (Insecta: Lepidoptera). In: SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología. 37 (148) 2009, pp. 463-484. Research Gate
  5. ↑ Ahmet Omer Kocak, Muhabbet Kemal: Synonymical and distributional List of the species of Bursa Province (North West Turkey) (Lepidoptera). Center for Entomological Studies Ankara Priamus, 11 (5) 2007, pp. 81–111. (PDF; 583 kB)
  6. ↑ Slamka, 1997, p. 21.
  7. ↑ The Larger Moths of Suffolk
  8. ↑ Joannes Antonius Scopoli: Entomologia Carniolica: exhibens insecta Carnioliae indigena et distributa in ordines, genera, species, varietates: methodo linnaeana. Johannes Thomas Trattner, Vienna 1763 (online at biodiversitylibrary.org)

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The moths (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae) The moths (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50., Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1964.
  • Ivar Hasenfuss: The Larval systematics of the bulls (Pyralidae). Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1960.
  • Frantisek Slamka: The Common Moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe: Determination - Distribution - Flight area - Way of life of the caterpillars . 2nd partially revised edition Bratislava 1997, ISBN 80-967540-2-5 .

Web links

Commons : Pyrausta nigrata  - collection of images, videos and audio files