Pyrausta cingulata

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Pyrausta cingulata
Pyrausta cingulata, a specimen with an almost straight front wing transverse band

Pyrausta cingulata , a specimen with an almost straight front wing transverse band

Systematics
Order : Butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Superfamily : Common moth (Pyraloidea)
Family : Crambidae
Subfamily : Pyraustinae
Genre : Pyrausta
Type : Pyrausta cingulata
Scientific name
Pyrausta cingulata
( Linnaeus , 1758)

Pyrausta cingulata is a butterfly ( moth ) from the family of Crambidae .

features

The moths have a wingspan of 14 to 17 mm (or a fore wing length of 7 to 9 mm). Fore and hind wings are deep black or brown-black colored and each show a white transverse band. The forewing has a relatively thin, slightly wavy cross-band in the middle; the cross-band is rarely almost straight. The transverse ligament of the hind wing, on the other hand, is wide and evenly rounded and usually a little wider than the forewing transverse ligament. The curve is seldom a bit uneven and looks slightly kinked. The fringes are usually much lighter than the basic color, often even whitish.

The caterpillar is yellowish-gray in color and has a yellow-brown, black-spotted head and neck shield.

The doll is 7.8 mm long and 2.2 mm in diameter. It is brown with a finely carved surface that is also slightly wrinkled in places. The short and wide, dark brown cremaster is rounded at the end and somewhat flattened dorsoventrally. The bristles stick out at the back and are concentrated at the end of the cremaster.

Similar species

Pyrausta cingulata and Pyrausta rectefascialis are very similar. Some specimens can only be reliably differentiated by a genital examination . In Pyrausta rectefascialis the transverse ligament on the forewing is usually straight, the transverse ligament on the hind wing is clearly kinked, while in Pyrausta cingulata the transverse ligament of the forewing is slightly wavy and the transverse ligament of the hind wing is slightly more wavy and evenly rounded. However, there are also specimens of Pyrausta rectefascialis with a very slightly wavy crossbar on the forewing and a rather rounded, rather than kinked, but still slightly asymmetrically rounded crossbar on the rear wing. Also in Pyrausta cingulata there are specimens with very slightly wavy, almost straight fore wing transverse ligaments and slightly kinked or slightly asymmetrically rounded hind wing transverse ligaments. Such specimens are very difficult to distinguish by the wing drawing alone.

There is also a certain similarity to Pyrausta nigrata . However, this species can be clearly distinguished from the two above species by the strong wavy transverse line and other small white drawing elements on the forewings.

Geographical distribution and habitat

The species is widespread from Western Europe as far as Siberia ( Altai , Khakassia , Tuva , Sajan Mountains , Transbaikalia , Yakutia ). In Europe it occurs from southern Europe to northern Europe, with the exception of the polar regions . The distribution area extends further to Asia Minor , the Caucasus and into Mongolia .

The species prefers dry to fresh, grassy locations in the open landscape. In Siberia specimens have been found up to 2300 meters above sea level.

Way of life

Pyrausta cingulata forms two generations a year, their moths fly from mid-April to June and from July to August. The moths are diurnal and visit flowers. When the weather is cloudy, they hide in the vegetation. The first generation caterpillars can be found from July to July, the second generation from August and the following year in April. The oligophagous caterpillars feed on long-haired thyme ( Thymus praecox subsp. Polytrichus ), wild thyme ( Thymus serpyllum ) and sage ( Salvia ).

Hannemann names: Wild thyme ( Thymus serpyllum ), meadow sage ( Salvia pratensis ) and sticky sage ( Salvia glutinosa ) as host plants. The caterpillars live in a web beneath the leaves near the ground. They overwinter and pupate in the spring of the following year.

Systematics and taxonomy

The taxon was first scientifically described by Carl von Linné as Phalaena Geometra cingulata in 1758 . As a type locality , Linné only gave "Europe", very imprecisely. It is also put in the older literature for the genus Pyrausta Cabinet, 1802.

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ian Kimber: Guide to the moths of Great Britain and Ireland
  2. ↑ a b c d e Hannemann (1964: p. 352)
  3. ↑ Jan Patočka: The pupae of the Central European borer (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea, Pyralidae). Subfamilies Acentropinae, Odontiinae, Evergestinae and Pyraustinae. In: Linz biological contributions. 33rd volume, issue 1, Linz 2001, pp. 347-405 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  4. ↑ Imre Fazekas: A Pyrausta cingulata (Linnaeus, 1758) és P. rectefascialis a Toll 1936 fajpár taxonómiája és Földrajzi elterjedése Magyarországon (Microlepidoptera: Crambidae) in: Folia Historico Naturalla Musei Matraensis 28: 199-208 2004 PDF (accessed on 23 May 2011)
  5. ↑ a b c Ayuna A. Shodotova: Pyralid Moths (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea) of Buryatia: Family Pyraustidae. Entomological Review, 88 (5): 543-557, 2008 doi : 10.1134 / S0013873808050035
  6. ↑ a b c Slamka (1997: p. 23)
  7. ^ Carl von Linné: Systema Naturae 10th edition. Stockholm 1758 Online at SUB Göttingen (description of the species p. 529)

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Hannemann: Small butterflies or Microlepidoptera II. The curlers (sl) (Cochylidae and Carposinidae). The moth-like (Pyraloidea). In: Friedrich Dahl: The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Part 50, VEB Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena 1964.
  • Frantisek Slamka: The Common Moth (Pyraloidea) of Central Europe: Determination - Distribution - Flight area - Way of life of the caterpillars . 2nd partially revised edition, Bratislava 1997, ISBN 8-096-75402-5 .

Web links

Commons : Pyrausta cingulata  - collection of images, videos and audio files