Sayan Mountains
| Sayan Mountains | |
|---|---|
 Location of the Sajan Mountains |
|
 Eastern Sayan with the Munku Sardyk in the background |
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| Highest peak | Munku Sardyk ( 3492 m ) |
| Coordinates | 53 ° 15 ′ N , 94 ° 58 ′ E |
The Sayan Mountains heard as part of the South Siberian mountains in Asia to Russia and Mongolia . The high mountains consist of the lower West Sayan (max. 3121 m ; Kyzyl Taiga ), which is only in Russia, and the higher East Sayan (max. 3492 m ; Munku Sardyk ), which extends to Lake Baikal and Mongolia.
Geographical location
In the north the Sajan Mountains border on the Central Siberian Mountains , in the east on the Angara and Lake Baikal , in the south it crosses the Tuvinian Basin into the Tannu-ola Mountains , in the west it borders on the Altai and in the northwest it goes into the West Siberian lowlands across. The southeastern foothills of the Eastern Sayan, bordered by the crystal clear lake Chöwsgöl Nuur , end in the Mongolian Chöwsgöl-Aimag (province).
The Abakan rises within the Western Sayan , while the Irkut , Greater Yenisei , Kan , Oka , Kisir and Uda have their source . The West Sayan is broken about in the middle by the Yenisei in a south-north direction. Here the hydropower is harnessed by the Sayano-Shuschensk Reservoir and the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir .
The autonomous republic of Tuva is located south of the Sajan Mountains . To the north are the Republic of Khakassia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory . An important mountain road runs between Khakassia and Tuva over the West Sayan, which reaches its highest point in the Sayansky Pass ( 2206 m ).
Ice age
Ice Age glaciers flowed from the 3492 m high Munku-Sardyk massif to the west of Lake Baikal and from the 12,100 km² fully glaciated granite-gneiss plateau (2300 m) of the mountain range and the 2600 to the east in the now only small Kar glacier up to 3110 m high peaks in the Tunkinskaya-Galina valley combine to form an approximately 30 km wide trunk glacier. Its glacier tongue, which flowed east to Lake Baikal, ended at a height of 500 m ( ⊙ ). The Chamar-Daban Mountains were covered by a large ice cap that filled the valley relief. From their valley ends, for example from the upper Slyudjanka valley ( ⊙ ), but also through parallel valleys such as the Snirsdaja valley, outlet glaciers flowed north to Lake Baikal. The Snirsdaya Valley outlet glacier calved into Lake Baikal at an altitude of around 400 m ( ⊙ ). The Worm Ice Age Equilibrium Line (ELA) ran in these mountains between 1450 m and 1250 m . This corresponds to a lowering of 1500 m compared to today's height. Under the condition of comparable precipitation conditions, this would result in an ice age lowering of the annual mean temperature of 7.5 to 9 ° C for the last ice age compared to today.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ MG Grosswald, M. Kuhle (1994): Impact of Glaciations on Lake Baikal. International Project on Paleolimnology and Late Cenozoic Climate, No. 8. (Eds: Shoji Horie; Kazuhiro Toyoda (IPPCCE)) Universitätsverlag Wagner, Innsbruck, pp. 48-60.
- ↑ M. Kuhle (2004): The High Glacial (Last Ice Age and LGM) glacier cover in High and Central Asia. Accompanying text to the mapwork in hand with detailed references to the literature of the underlying empirical investigations. J. Ehlers, P. L. Gibbard (Eds.). Extent and Chronology of Glaciations, Vol. 3 (Latin America, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica). Amsterdam, Elsevier B.V., pp. 175-199.