Sajano-Schuschensk reservoir

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Sajano-Schuschensk reservoir
Part of the Sajano-Schuschensk reservoir
Part of the Sajano-Schuschensk reservoir
Location: Khakassia , Krasnoyarsk Region , Tuva ( Russia )
Tributaries: Upper Yenisei , Kantegir , Kemchik , Us
Drain: Yenisei
Major cities nearby: Sayanogorsk , Cheryomushki , Shagonar
Sayano-Shushensk reservoir (Krasnoyarsk region)
Sajano-Schuschensk reservoir
Coordinates 52 ° 49 ′ 33 "  N , 91 ° 22 ′ 20"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 49 ′ 33 "  N , 91 ° 22 ′ 20"  E
Data on the structure
Construction time: 1963 to 1988
Height above foundation level : 242 m
Height above the river bed : 76 m
Building volume: 9,075,000 m³
Crown length: 1 074.4  m
Crown width: 25 m
Base width: 105.7 m
Radius of curvature : 600 m
Power plant output: 6th 400  MW
Data on the reservoir
Altitude (at congestion destination ) 540  m
Water surface 621 km²
Reservoir length 320 km
Reservoir width 10 km
Storage space 15,340 million m³
Total storage space : 31,340 million m³
Catchment area 179 900  km²
Design flood : 15th 900  m³ / s
Саяно-Шушенская ГЭС.jpg
Machine hall of the power plant before the accident

The Sajano-Schuschensker reservoir or Sajano-Schuschensker dam ( Russian Саяно-Шушенское водохранилище ) has with the water power plant Sajano-Shushenskaya ( Саяно-Шушенская ГЭС ) on Jenissei above to Sajanogorsk belonging settlement Tscherjomuschki the largest hydroelectric power plant in Russia. The operator of the power station is RusHydro .

geography

The reservoir is located in the Republic of Khakassia , the Krasnoyarsk Region and the Republic of Tuva in southern Central Siberia . The reservoir and power station were named after the surrounding West Sayan Mountains and the town of Shushenskoye , which was particularly symbolic during the Soviet period and where the founder of the state Lenin was in exile from 1897 to 1900 . Shushenskoye, however, is about 70 km as the crow flies from the dam in the foothills of the mountains.

construction

The dam from the underwater

The arch weight wall is 242 m high and 1074 m long. The height of fall of the water up to the power plant is 220 m. 9,075,000 m³ of concrete were used. The dammed water area in the normal damming condition at 540  m is 621 km², the catchment area 179,900 km². 35,600 hectares of agricultural land and 2,717 houses were flooded. The lake is 320 km long, in places more than 10 km wide and 113 m deep. Its stowage volume is 31.3 billion cubic meters.

The dam is an arch weight wall similar to the Hoover dam in the USA . However, it is 20 m higher than this. The dam is one of the 20 highest dams in the world.

Further down on the Yenisei is another large dam, the Krasnoyarsk Reservoir .

The power plant's output is 6400  megawatts and around 25 billion kWh are produced each year. That is three times more than Khakassias are needed.

In addition to the ongoing repair work after the accident in August 2009, an additional flood relief is currently being built. The outlet is located approx. 1100 m in front of the dam and is fed via two 10 m × 12 m tunnels. With a width of 100 m, the flood relief has an absorption capacity of 4000 m³ / s and was originally supposed to be completed in 2011.

To enable continuous shipping, a ship lift in the form of an inclined elevator with cross conveyor was planned. But this was never built.

history

The power station was built 1963–1988 and went online in 1978 to supply aluminum production with electricity.

The then President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin , privatized the hydropower plant in 1993. At that time, Khakassia had to forego its share of the shares and was given the right to buy electricity at a preferential price over the course of ten years. In September 2004 this agreement expired, as did the statute of limitations for privatization cases.

The governor of Khakassia, Alexej Lebed (brother of the well-known politician and general Alexander Lebed ), filed a lawsuit a year ago to declare the privatization deal invalid and nationalize the plant again. At the same time, however, he proposed a compromise to the holding company, according to which the price reduction for Khakassia should be extended until 2020. The energy holding rejected the proposal. The largest consumer of the electrical energy produced by the Sayan hydropower plant Shushenskoye is the Sayan aluminum plant owned by billionaire Oleg Deripaska .

Accident in August 2009

On August 17, 2009, a serious accident occurred that cost 75 lives. A pressure surge presumably caused one or more of the pipelines to the turbines to burst. Earlier reports that the explosion of a transformer caused the damage were later corrected by the operating company RusHydro . However, during an inspection two years earlier, employees of the Russian Court of Auditors found that 85 percent of the equipment urgently needed to be modernized, as it was clearly outdated. As a result of the pipe burst, parts of the machine house were flooded and partially collapsed. Two of the ten generator units were completely destroyed and two more damaged. The damage was enormous and could have been up to $ 1.25 billion. Planning assumed that it would take up to two years to replace the destroyed plant components. The generators not affected by the accident should be back on the grid in a month and a half. 2000 people took part in dealing with the consequences of the disaster.

According to the civil protection minister Schoigu, there was no danger of settlements being flooded downstream . A large-scale blackout could be prevented by diverting electricity from other power plants. The main customers of the power plant, the connected aluminum plants, had to cut back or stop production until further notice. According to initial estimates, this affected an annual production volume of 500,000 t. A sharp rise in the price of electrical energy in Siberia was inevitable, according to experts. Criminal proceedings for defamation were initiated on August 19, 2009 against a journalist from the Internet journal Nowy Fokus , who reported on August 18, 2009, citing sources among relatives and power plant employees, about people trapped in air bubbles in the machine house; on September 9, 2009, he was beaten up by two strangers. On November 12, 2014, the power plant was put back into operation at full capacity after extensive repairs and maintenance.

literature

See also

Web links

Commons : Sajano-Schuschensker Reservoir  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hydrosystem cascade on the Yenisei River. ( Memento of January 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) LHP
  2. russland.ru ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / russland.ru
  3. moscowtimes.ru ( Memento of the original from August 21, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.moscowtimes.ru
  4. russland.ru ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.russland.ru
  5. Six dead in an accident in a hydropower plant . Time online ; Retrieved August 17, 2009
  6. ^ Russian hydro power station accident kills seven . Reuters, accessed August 17, 2009
  7. Accident at Russia's largest power plant kills at least 7 . RIA Novosti.Retrieved August 17, 2009
  8. Pictures on rian.ru
  9. Неправильные инстинкты. ( Memento of the original from August 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Novaja Gazeta , August 24, 2009 (Russian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.novayagazeta.ru
  10. Убедительное предложение замолчать. ( Memento of the original from September 14, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Novaja Gazeta , September 11, 2009 (Russian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.novayagazeta.ru
  11. Саяно-Шушенская ГЭС: в работе все 10 гидроагрегатов