Pyropia

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Pyropia
Pyropia thuretii

Pyropia thuretii

Systematics
without rank: Archaeplastida
Department : Red algae (Rhodophyta)
Class : Bangiophyceae
Order : Bangiales
Family : Bangiaceae
Genre : Pyropia
Scientific name
Pyropia
J. Agardh

Pyropia is a genus of red algae from the order of the Bangiales . After molecular genetic studies, it was separated from the genus of the purple tangerine ( Porphyra ) in2011. The approximately 70 species are distributed worldwide on the sea coasts. They are widely used as food andcultivatedto make nori .

description

The gametophyte of Pyropia grows as a single-layer leaf-like thallus that is pink, red, purple, green or brown in color. It reaches a length of a few centimeters to several meters. The shape is linear, egg-shaped, rounded or funnel-shaped, the edge can be smooth or toothed, flat, wavy or curled.

The vegetative cells usually have a single plastid (in a few species, two).

The haploid chromosome number of the species examined so far is 2–4. Representatives of the genus can only be reliably distinguished from other leaf-shaped Bangiales by molecular genetic sequence differences.

Reproduction

The male and female gametes are formed either on the same or on different thalli ( monocyte or diocyte ). Monocial thalli either have male and female sectors separated by a line, or the spermatangia and zygotosporangia are either arranged as groups of cells in stripes or rectangular to diamond-shaped spots, or they lie in mixed fertile regions. In the case of the diocese thalli and the monocial with sectors, they form contiguous areas at the edge of the thallus.

Some basal species also reproduce through asexual spores.

The two-part life cycle typical of Pyropia is described in Pyropia gardneri .

Occurrence

Pyropia is widespread on all sea coasts, the species come from tropical to cold-tempered regions. They can be found from the upper tidal zone to the sublittoral and grow on rocks or perched on other algae or animals such as mussels. Some species are short-lived while others can survive for several years.

Systematics

Pyropia plicata
Pyropia plicata , Herbarium Arch
Pyropia yezoensis
Cultivation of Pyropia tenera in Japan
Pyropia tenera nori

The first scientific description of Pyropia was in 1899 by Jacob Georg Agardh . The type species Pyropia californica is now part of Pyropia nereocystis . The genus has long been considered a synonym for Porphyra (purple orange). This species-rich genus turned out to be polyphyletic in molecular biological studies . Therefore, numerous previous Porphyra species were outsourced to Pyropia in 2011 .

According to AlgaeBase, the genus Pyropia comprises around 70 species (August 2018).

use

With nori -wrapped sushi

Numerous types of pyropia are used as food . A mixture of several Pyropia and Porphyra species is usually harvested on the coasts . In Japan they are known as “ nori ”, where Pyropia yezoensis and Pyropia tenera in particular are cultivated industrially on a large scale. In China “Zicai” and “Haidai ” are consumed , in Korea “ Gim / Kim ”. Pyropia columbina is called "Luche" in Chile and Pyropia plicata is called "Karengo" in New Zealand.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Judith E. Sutherland et al .: A new look at an ancient order: generic revision of the Bangiales (Rhodophyta) . Journal of Phycology 47 (5), 2011, pp. 1131-1151. doi : 10.1111 / j.1529-8817.2011.01052.x
  2. ^ Jacob Georg Agardh: Analecta algologica, Continuatio V. Lunds Universitets Års-Skrift, Andra Afdelningen, Kongl. Fysiografiska Sällskapets i Lund Handlingar 35 (4): 1–160. 1899, p. 149
  3. ↑ a b Michael D. Guiry in Michael D. Guiry, GM Guiry: Pyropia - In: Algaebase - World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, accessed August 22, 2018.
  4. ↑ Michael Guiry: Nori Cultivation , The Seaweed Site: information on marine algae, accessed August 22, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Pyropia  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
 Wikispecies: Pyropia Species  Directory