Pyrovalerone

Structural formula
	1: 1 mixture of ( R ) -form (top) and ( S ) -form (bottom)
General
Non-proprietary name	Pyrovalerone
other names	( RS ) -1- (4-methylphenyl) -2- (1-pyrrolidinyl) pentan-1-one ( IUPAC ); Pyrovaleronum ( Latin );
Molecular formula	C 16 H 23 NO (pyrovalerone) ; C 16 H 23 NO HCl (pyrovalerone hydrochloride) ;
Brief description	Crystals (pyrovalerone hydrochloride)
External identifiers / databases
ECHA InfoCard	100.230.426
PubChem	14373
Wikidata	Q410824
Drug information
Drug class	Psychostimulant
properties
Molar mass	245.36 g · mol -1 (pyrovalerone) ; 281.82 g · mol -1 (pyrovalerone · hydrochloride) ;
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	178 ° C (pyrovalerone hydrochloride)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 302-318-411
	P: ?
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Pyrovalerone is a drug that belongs to the group of psychostimulants . It is closely related to other stimulants such as Prolintan and MDPV .

Pyrovalerone was developed and prescribed in France and several other European countries in the late 1960s. Areas of application were chronic fatigue and lethargy or obesity .

Since there were some cases of abuse and addiction , the substance was withdrawn from the market. In Germany it is considered a marketable but not prescription narcotic according to Annex II BtMG. Since January 1, 2004 it has been a prohibited doping substance .

Side effects are loss of appetite , anxiety , insomnia , tremor and depression after prolonged use.

The “Expert Committee on Drug Dependence of the World Health Organization ” mentions in its 25th report (from 1989) that it is assumed that pyrovalerone is a potent inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake, but that no further data on the mechanism of action were published after 1978. In 1975 there were 200 known cases of intravenous abuse of pyrovalerone tablets by drug addicts in France, all of which led to venous thrombosis .

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b The Merck Index : An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals , 14th Edition (Merck & Co., Inc.), Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006; Pp. 1377-1378, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .
↑ Template: CL Inventory / not harmonized There is not yet a harmonized classification for this substance . A labeling of [No public or meaningful name is available] in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on July 11, 2020, is reproduced from a self-classification by the distributor .
↑ Gardos, G .; Cole, JO: Evaluation of pyrovalerone in chronically fatigued volunteers. In: Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental. (Oct; 13 (10) / 1971), pp. 631-635.
↑ Deniker, P .; Loo, H .; Cuche, H .; Roux, JM: Abuse of pyrovalerone by drug addicts. In: Annales Medico-Psychologiques (Nov; 2 (4) / 1975), pp. 745-748.
↑ WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, Twenty-Fith Report, World Health Organization, Geneva 1989 (PDF; 2.1 MB).

[MERCK_Index-1] A ^b The Merck Index : An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals , 14th Edition (Merck & Co., Inc.), Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006; Pp. 1377-1378, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .

[2] Template: CL Inventory / not harmonized There is not yet a harmonized classification for this substance . A labeling of [No public or meaningful name is available] in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on July 11, 2020, is reproduced from a self-classification by the distributor .

[3] Gardos, G .; Cole, JO: Evaluation of pyrovalerone in chronically fatigued volunteers. In: Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental. (Oct; 13 (10) / 1971), pp. 631-635.

[4] Deniker, P .; Loo, H .; Cuche, H .; Roux, JM: Abuse of pyrovalerone by drug addicts. In: Annales Medico-Psychologiques (Nov; 2 (4) / 1975), pp. 745-748.

[5] WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, Twenty-Fith Report, World Health Organization, Geneva 1989 (PDF; 2.1 MB).