Quandel

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Quandel with the first stacked logs

As Quandel ( Genus unclear that which or Quandel; also flame duct called) is in the charcoal , the central space in the middle or in the core of a carbon kiln designated.

etymology

The origin of the term Quandel has not been conclusively clarified. The economic encyclopedia by Johann Georg Krünitz describes the origin as "uncertain". The Society for German Language considers the view of the German dictionary of the Brothers Grimm possible, according to which the word Quandel could come from Quendel , an old name for thyme , since these plants were used as ignition material for the charcoal piles. Johann Christoph Adelung lists two different interpretations of the term Quandel in his dictionary of High German dialect : he relates the origin of the word to either turn (Gewandel) , since the logs to be charred are placed in a circle around the Quandel; The Upper German word Quannek is listed as an alternative origin , which means something like tube or canal. Other sources from the 19th century say that the Quandel stake was originally called Gewendepfahl and that the name changed over the course of time from Gewende to Quendel to Quandel .

In chemical technology in the English-speaking world, the center of a coal pile was also referred to as the quandel .

According to the Society for German Language, the word Quandel has completely disappeared from everyday German language and is only used in the specialist terms of charcoal burning and mining.

Layout and function

Section through a stacked charcoal pile, in the middle the Quandel

At the beginning of the construction of a coal pile, several wooden piles, the so-called Quandel piles (also known as Quandel poles or Quandel rods), are driven into the ground in the middle of the chosen site, so that a vertical channel, the Quandel (shaft), is created between them. The Quandel piles must be higher than the coal pile to be built. The Quandel shaft is equipped with wood, coal or other easily combustible materials and is used to light the kiln later. The logs to be charred are placed around the quandel. The piling of the first wood on the quandel is called quandel driving in the charcoal factory .

Depending on the structure of the charcoal pile, the quandel is lit either from above or below. In order to ensure lighting from below, an external access to the Quandel must be kept free while the pile is being stacked , the so-called ignition alley . This access from the outer ignition hole to the Quandel is made possible with a wooden stick, the Quandel stick, which is removed after the construction of the kiln and thus releases the ignition alley. Then a burning rag on a long rod is pushed into the center of the kiln and the fuel is ignited in the Quandel shaft; Another possibility is to fill the Quandel shaft with embers or burning wood. With both variants, the Quandel must be filled with fuel over a longer period of time until the kiln is sure to catch fire; the Quandel shaft can then also be covered.

Occasionally was only in the middle of the so-called Quandelplatzes wiping , a post which with withered brushwood was wrapped, set up. With this set-up, no ignition hole was required, the wipe was ignited directly.

Those charcoal that is produced directly on Quandel is Quandelkohle called; Due to the longer burning time compared to the coal stored further outside, it is significantly more crumbly than the rest and is therefore considered to be of inferior quality.

As an alternative to the wooden construction of the Quandel, this was occasionally made of iron. The metal Quandel piles were attached to a cast iron base plate; The advantage of this type of construction was the higher stability of the pile compared to the use of a wooden Quandel.

In front a charcoal pile under construction, with logs for Quandel. In the background a Hauberg for the extraction of the necessary wood

In a further construction variation, logs are stacked crosswise in a square, which then form the quandel in the middle. It is also possible to shape the Quandel from erected round pieces.

literature

Web links

Wiktionary: Quandel  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Robert Froriep: Daily reports on the progress of natural science and medicine . Landes-Industrie-Comptoir, Weimar 1852, p. 303 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ↑ August Christian Heinrich Niemann (ed.): Fatherland forest reports together with glimpses into general forest science and into the history and literature of forestry . Johann Friedrich Hammerich, Altona 1820, p. 83 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ a b Rudolph Feistmantel: Forest science in its entirety and with special consideration for the Austrian states . Beck'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung, Vienna 1836, p. 309 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ^ Tuisko von Lorey, Christof Wagner: Handbuch der Forstwissenschaft. Volume 2, 3rd edition, H. Laupp, Tübingen 1912, OCLC 928917035 , p. 599.
  5. ↑ a b What is a Quandelschacht? Society for the German Language, accessed on January 2, 2017 .
  6. ^ Johann Christoph Adelung: The Quandel. In: Adelung - Grammatical-Critical Dictionary of High German Dialect. Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, March 12, 2009, accessed on January 3, 2017 .
  7. ↑ Polytechnisches Centralblatt No. 41 . Publisher by Leopold Voss, Leipzig 1839, p.  641 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  8. ^ Edmund Ronalds, Thomas Richardson: Chemical technology; or, Chemistry in its applications to the arts and manufactures . H. Bailliere, London 1855, p. 64 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  9. ^ Johann Heinrich Moritz Poppe (Ed.): Textbook of special technology . Cotta'sche Buchhandlung, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1819, p. 264 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  10. ↑ a b Johann Georg Krünitz : Economic Encyclopedia . tape  119 , p. 266 ( online ).
  11. ^ Wilhelm Leo: New scene of mining science . The fuel teaching. Verlag Basse, Quedlinburg 1860, p. 152 ff . ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  12. ↑ Arne Paysen: Sustainable Energy Industry? Dissertation. Mathematical and Natural Science Faculty of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel 2009, p. 96–118 ( uni-kiel.de [PDF; 99.2 MB ; accessed on January 16, 2017]).
  13. ^ Johann Heinrich Jung : Description of the Nassau-Siegenschen method to burn coals accompanied with physical notes . 1776 ( online - reprint 1958 In: Siegerländer contributions to history and regional studies. Issue 9, Siegerländer Heimatverein).
  14. ↑ Grimm: German Dictionary.
  15. ↑ Andrea Bregar: Charcoal from their own charcoal kiln. kraeuterhuegel.at, accessed on January 16, 2017 .