Quarantine pathogens

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

As quarantine pests or quarantine pest are organisms classified as pests are considered and their penetration should be avoided in new areas. As a rule, these are organisms that cause great damage in agriculture or forestry in their natural range . It is feared that the harmful pathogens will be transported to new regions in which they have so far not or hardly appeared, although appropriate host plants are available.

Botanical regions of the world according to the data standard World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD)

etymology

The terms are anchored in official works and are based on translations of international regulations. The terms are sometimes used inconsistently. The following is an overview from official sources:

  • Quarantine pathogens
    • Definition: "Quarantine pathogens (QSE) are organisms that are at risk of immigrating to areas outside their natural range or being spread through trade in plant products. These are harmful organisms that can cause considerable damage in agriculture, forestry, horticulture and public greenery. "
  • Quarantine pest organism , English quarantine pest , French organisms réglementé non de quarantaine
    • Definition: "Quarantine pest organism denotes a pest organism of potential economic importance for the area at risk, which does not yet occur in this area or is already present but is not widespread and is subject to official monitoring and control measures."

In the German edition of the UNO documentation : Glossary of phytosanitary terms , the term “quarantine pest” is used as a synonym and the term “non-quarantine pest” is also used to distinguish it. These terms can be found, for example, in documents on international standards for plant protection measures .

Global situation

There are few direct ways to combat quarantine pathogens, which is why all measures are aimed at preventing immigration and spread. The introduction by humans plays a special role in the spread. This is why import controls are carried out on imports in certain countries or regions (e.g. the European Union ) . The occurrence of quarantine pathogens must be reported to the competent authority. If bacteriosis occur , conditions such as disinfection of machines and devices or the cultivation of certain host plants are issued.

Organizations dealing with quarantine pests

Organizations dealing with quarantine pests are involved in regulations and coordination on quarantine pests. As a rule, global considerations are taken into account in international environmental agreements or similar regulations and implemented accordingly by member states. In addition, there are occasional additional provisions in national regulations. Notable organizations that deal with the topic are known:

International

Member States of the EPPO

National

The situation with regard to national organizations is confusing because this depends on the official structures of the administrative organizations in the countries. Often a national environment ministry or national agriculture ministries with subordinate structures are responsible; some of the tasks are assigned to scientific foundations or similar organizations. For example, the following are known:

  • Germany: BMEL , environmental, forest and agricultural authorities of the federal states as well as research institutions such as the Julius Kühn Institute .

Situation in Europe

The Plant Protection Organization for Europe and the Mediterranean (EPPO) uses risk analyzes to determine which organisms are significant as quarantine pathogens in Europe and the Mediterranean region. The European Commission issues directives , decisions or regulations , these form the legal basis for necessary official measures to prevent further spread. The EPPO has an advisory role here. In this context, the EPPO publishes warning lists and information on special developments.

Known quarantine pests in the European Union

Examples of quarantine pathogens are the Asian long-horned longhorn beetle ( Anoplophora glabripennis ), the citrus longhorn beetle ( Anoplophora chinensis ), the pinewood nematode (also Bursaphelenchus xylophilus ), the Monilia disease in fruit ( Monilinia fructicola ) or fire blight ( Erwinia fructicola ).

Reporting requirement

An obligation to report quarantine pests has been introduced in the European Region . In Germany, the Julius Kühn Institute is in charge of the organization, monitoring and control of the measures. The notifiable organisms were identified by the European Union with Directive 2000/29 / EC and corresponding annexes.

literature

  • European Commission , March 1, 2012: Implementing decision 2012/138 / EC on emergency measures ( Memento of July 21, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
  • Notifiable organisms according to Directive 2000/29 / EC ANNEX I ( Memento of July 21, 2019 in the Internet Archive ),
    • Part A, “HARMFUL ORGANISMS, THEIR INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD INTO OR. IS FORBIDDEN IN THE MEMBER STATES "
    • Part B, "HARMFUL ORGANISMS WHOSE INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD INTO CERTAIN PROTECTED AREAS (S) IS PROHIBITED"
  • Notifiable organisms according to Directive 2000/29 / EC ANNEX II ( Memento of July 21, 2019 in the Internet Archive ),
    • Part A, “HARMFUL ORGANISMS, THEIR INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD INTO OR. IN THE MEMBER STATES IT IS PROHIBITED IN THE EVENT OF INFESTATION OF CERTAIN PLANTS OR PLANT PRODUCTS "
    • Part B, "HARMFUL ORGANISMS WHOSE INTRODUCTION AND SPREAD INTO CERTAIN PROTECTED AREAS (S) IN THE CASE OF INFECTED CERTAIN PLANTS OR PLANT PRODUCTS"

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Free State of Saxony , Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology: Reportable harmful pathogens (quarantine pathogens) ( Memento from July 25, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ↑ Free State of Bavaria , Bavarian State Institute for Forests and Forestry: Under observation - LWF aktuell 114 ( Memento from July 25, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ Federal Law Gazette on the amendment to the Plant Protection Act 2004: Volume 2004 Part II No. 26, Page 1159 ( Memento of July 25, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
  4. ↑ UN FAO / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , International Plant Protection Convention , ISPM 5 (DE) ( Memento of 25 July 2019 Internet Archive ) 2016, (German edition of the "Glossary of Phytosanitary terms")
  5. ↑ a b Current quarantine pathogens (Sächsische Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft), formerly at http://www.smul.sachsen.de/de/wu/Landwirtschaft/lfl/inhalt/9679_9696.htm; Link is currently no longer active
  6. ↑ Julius Kühn Institute : Information on Anoplophora chinensis (longhorn beetle) ( Memento from July 21, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
  7. ↑ Example of the problem of a quarantine pathogen based on the pine wood nematode ( Bursaphelenchus xylophilus )
  8. ↑ Julius Kühn Institute : Obligation to report new pests ( Memento from July 21, 2019 in the Internet Archive )