Roman estate (Gurtweil)

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The Roman manor Gurtweil was a manor with a bathing facility from Roman times and was located between the city of Tiengen and the district of Gurtweil in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg .

location

The Roman estate was located on a würmeiszeitlichen lower terrace on a southwest to Schlücht sloping gently limestone hillside . In the nearby Gewann Steinbrunnen there was a spring that has now dried up. The plant cannot be seen on the surface and is used as arable land. The site used to be a hill up to 6 m high and 40 m long.

The Roman buildings in the Schlößlebuck and Schlößleäcker areas formed an ensemble around a Villa Rustica with a minimum size of approx. 230 × 120 m (= 2.76 ha).

Excavations

Reports of excavations date back to the early 19th century:

"As early as 1844, H. Schreiber reported on a spot east of Waldshut with remains of walls still visible above ground, a hypocausted room and wall paintings with arabesques and threads of leaves."

“The 'noble villa rustica ' (E. Wagner) […] was partially examined in 1891 and produced a section of the 'mansion' of the portico type with corner projections . Added [...] was a bath wing with several heatable rooms, of which the warm bath room (caldarium) was extended by a semicircular apse . […] On the outside, the building was probably presented with a colonnade, inside it apparently enclosed an open courtyard ( atrium or peristyle ). ”Traces of painted walls and mosaic floors were found.

“Other walls, possibly also of outbuildings, were cut in 1899, 1912, 1922 and 1926 during construction work, but apart from a few notes by K. Heck, most of them were destroyed without documentation. In 1961, 1964/65 and 1969 new building measures resulted in further losses of substance. Thanks to the attention of E. Falkenstein, Dogern, some observations were made and some of the finds were recovered. "

A detailed version of the excavation in the 1920s is available from another source:

In 1926 and 1928, Karl Friedrich Heck from Waldshut undertook major excavations. Remains of at least four stone buildings have been discovered. In autumn 1926, the geologist Wilhelm Deecke and the archaeologist Ernst Fabricius visited the excavations. Paul Revellio also provided descriptions . EW Heinz reconstructed a core building with a caldarium (room K), tepidarium (room F), frigidarium / apodyterium (room H) based on the development of other villa bathrooms . He saw the piscina as a later extension. The discovery of a crossbow brooch (in building A) and the Germanic ceramics from the bath indicate that several buildings on the estate were visited or reused by Germanic new settlers. Two stamps each from the 21st and 11th Legion on fragments of ledge bricks were found in rooms B and C, and one stamp from the 11th Legion on a hypocaust plate in room H. The whereabouts of Legio XI Claudia is from 70-101 AD in the Headquarters in Vindonissa found, the bricks therefore probably came to Gurtweil around this time, but possibly also later. There are plans and some photos of the excavation.

According to J. Trumm, “the area surrounding the building that was uncovered in 1891 is today largely overbuilt, so that in the future the floor plan is unlikely to be supplemented. So far, the finds provide a date range from the late 1st century to the early 3rd century. "

See also

literature

  • Gerhard Fingerlin : Large Roman manors in Klettgau and in the western Upper Rhine Valley , in: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden, Issue 43, Ed .: Sponsors for prehistoric research in Baden eV, Freiburg 1990.
  • Paul Revellio, Karl Friedrich Heck : The Roman estate on the Schlucht terrace between Gurtweil and Tiengen. In: Baden find reports. Volume 14, 1938, pp. 60-65.
  • Jürgen Trumm: The Roman settlement on the eastern Upper Rhine: (50 BC - 450 AD) (= material booklets for archeology in Baden-Württemberg. Volume 63). Theiss, Stuttgart 2002.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen Trumm: The Roman Age Settlement on the Eastern High Rhine , Stuttgart 2002, p. 385.
  2. ↑ Gerhard Fingerlin: Great Roman manors in Klettgau and in the western High Rhine Valley , in: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden, 1990, p. 10 f.
  3. ↑ J. Trumm: Die römerzeitliche colonization , 2002, p. 385.
  4. ^ Website Markus Jehle, Roman finds on the Hochhrein
  5. ↑ J. Trumm: The Roman Age Settlement , 2002, p. 388.

Coordinates: 47 ° 38 ′ 21.7 ″  N , 8 ° 15 ′ 25.1 ″  E