Roman manor Geißlingen (Klettgau)
.JPG)
The Roman manor of Geißlingen in the municipality of Klettgau in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg , also known as the "Heidenschloß", is now hidden again on the site of the Heideggerhof farmhouse . The villa rustica was excavated as early as 1795, and its foundation walls were then partially used for the new building.
location
In the local literature it is assumed that the building may also have been a Roman road station - Mansio - between the Roman cities of Tenedo (Bad Zurzach) and Juliomagus near Schleitheim / Stühlingen. A little way off the former Heeresstraße (under the B 34), a 'rest house' located there would definitely be an option: In Roman times, horse changing stations ( mutationes ) were built around every 15 km and rest houses (mansiones) around every 40 km (= one day's stage) .
excavation
The villa, “whose extensive heap of rubble could still be seen at the end of the 18th century”, “had the then director of the Princely Schwarzenberg government in Tiengen, v. Weinzierl ”, and“ draw a plan of the exposed walls, which also contains sketches of architectural parts. ”It is not certain whether the building -“ the manor house ”- was completely recorded during the excavation.
Findings and finds
“The 41 x 42 m building [was] adorned with a pillared vestibule and had profiled cornices and angular capitals of pilasters [...]. The floor plan generally belongs to the porticus villa type with corner projections (corner buildings protruding from the main front). [...] The facility is divided into two wings by a central corridor, in which there are a total of 3 heated rooms and, if judged according to the plan, also a bathing area. "
“Several rooms were ' painted with flowers and other ornaments al fresco , but with such faded colors that it was impossible to get a very clear idea of them.'” No drawings were made of the painting.
"A 'bearded head on mostly mutilated torso', which is no longer present, indicates that it was equipped with sculptural works, probably the remainder of a larger-than-life figure of a god made of red sandstone."
The contemporary excavation report notes that “the present farmhouse is completely within the space of the old one; only towards the west should the outer walls meet here and there. "
Whereabouts of the finds
The finds made at the time were “ handed over to the Freiburg University Library according to H. Schreiber and later incorporated into the collection of the Archaeological Institute . At the beginning of the 20th century, some pieces must still have been present, as C. Zangenmeister notes in the CIL on a brick stamp of the 21st Legion : 'Freiburg i. Br. In antiquatio universitatis'. As recently as 1908, 'the bearded head of a stone sculpture' is mentioned in a letter. [...] their further whereabouts (remains) uncertain. All the finds from the Heidegger Hof were probably lost in the 1944 bombing raids on Freiburg , which also affected the collection of the Archaeological Institute on Bertoldstrasse. "
Further observations
“After 1795 there were no more major investigations at the site. In 1912 the landowners reported two Roman coins. ”These were a dupondius of the emperor Mark Aurel from 161/162 AD and a sesterce of the emperor Commodus from the year 192 AD. According to Jürgen Trumm the coins in a "private collection. Albrecht, Geisslingen ”.
“Reports that obstructive masonry is said to have been 'torn out' after plowing suggest further unreported finds. In 1949 J. Schneider observed negative growth marks in the grain about 60 m south-east of the farm, which formed a rectangle of about 14 x 12 m and should have come from an outbuilding. ”The investigation of a 7-meter-deep well shaft in 1969 by J. Schneider did not lead to any results Found. "Aerial photos from 1998 show about 100 m southeast of the farm the negative growth marks of a 14 x 10 m large outbuilding, which was probably attached to the courtyard wall."
history
After the Roman campaign to subjugate the Alpine peoples and the occupation of the Alpine foothills as far as the High Rhine and the Danube with a bridgehead at the Roman camp Dangstetten in 15 BC. BC, the road construction was probably also started - with the expansion of existing Celtic road connections - for the military protection of the apron up to the Wutach.
Heerstrasse through the Klettgau
The Heerstraße led from the Dangstetten camp over the Bechtersbohl pass below today's Küssaburg after a bend to the east through the Klettgau to Schleitheim. At the bend to the right - under the route of today's federal highway 34 - a road connection led straight to Schwerzen .
Side street to the Wutach
According to local research, this was a side road built by the Romans leading to a Wutach crossing: Egon Gersbach writes that "an old street leads up Wutach, which has its starting point in Zurzach, the Roman Tenedo [...] and at the foot of the Semperbuck " in Direction Horheim points. J. Trumm determined the continuation: to the west of the Horheimer Höfe “is the 'Altstädtle', a hill that used to be partly covered with vines and is now covered with orchards. An old path runs past it to the west, popularly known as the 'Römerstrasse', which crosses the Wutach at Horheim and then almost straight to the north [...] to Bettmaringen, from there possibly on to Bonndorf. ”On this line from Bechtersbohl to Horheim runs today a small side street, the importance of which is still demonstrated by the high volume of local rush hour traffic.
Longevity
The construction of the villa can only be assumed after the general Roman settlement of southern Germany after the Black Forest campaign (73/74 AD), which was in fact a large road construction company. The manor was in the province of Germania superior , which was established from 90 AD, but it could have been built as a road station much earlier.
The existence of the villa depended on how long the Klettgau landscape still existed as a Roman bridgehead during the time of the ' Alamannenstürme ' from 260 AD. No indications were found at the time of abandonment or destruction of the Villa von Geißlingen .
See also
literature
- Gerhard Fingerlin : Large Roman manors in Klettgau and in the western Upper Rhine Valley , in: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden, Issue 43, Ed .: Sponsors for prehistoric research in Baden eV, Freiburg 1990.
- Egon Gersbach : Prehistory of the High Rhine (finds and sites in the districts of Säckingen and Waldshut) , Ed .: State Office for Prehistory and Early History Freiburg and State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, Dept. Ur- u. Early history Karlsruhe, Badische Fund reports, special issue 11 (catalog volume), 1969.
- Jürgen Trumm : The Roman Age Settlement on the Eastern High Rhine , Issue 63, Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002. ISBN 3-8062-1643-6 .
- Ernst Wagner: Sites and finds from prehistoric, Roman and Alemannic-Franconian times in the Grand Duchy of Baden , Vol. I, 1908.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Gerhard Fingerlin: Large Roman manors in Klettgau and in the western High Rhine Valley in: Archäologische Nachrichten aus Baden, Issue 43, Freiburg 1990, p. 7 ff.
- ↑ Fingerlin quotes E. Wagner : Sites and finds from prehistoric, Roman and Alemannic-Franconian times in the Grand Duchy of Baden , Vol. I (1908) , in: Große Roman Gutshöfe , 1990, pp. 7 and 9.
- ↑ Jürgen Trumm: The Roman Age Settlement on the Eastern High Rhine , Issue 63, Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, p. 271.
- ^ Jürgen Trumm: The Roman Age Settlement , 2002, p. 272.
- ↑ Jürgen Trumm: The Roman Age Settlement , 2002, p. 271.
- ↑ Coming from the 'Bechtersbohl junction' east of this connection, after two kilometers on the hill in front of the forest, the building of today's Heidegger Hof can be seen.
- ↑ Egon Gersbach : Urgeschichte des Hochrheins (finds and sites in the districts of Säckingen and Waldshut) , Badische Fund reports, special issue 11 (catalog volume), 1969, p. 218 f.
- ^ Jürgen Trumm: The Roman Age Settlement , 2002, p. 291.
Coordinates: 47 ° 37 '18.7 " N , 8 ° 21' 33.2" E