Reddish leaf snail
| Reddish leaf snail | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reddish leaf snail ( Monachoides incarnatus ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Monachoides incarnatus | ||||||||||||
| OV Müller , 1774 |
_(4233860300).jpg)
The reddish leaf snail ( Monachoides incarnatus ), also incarnate snail , is a species of snail from the family of leaf snails (Hygromiidae) from the order of land snails (Stylommatophora).
features
The case measures 9 to 11 mm × 13 to 16 mm (6 to 11 mm by 10 to 16 mm) when fully grown. It is low-conical and spherical in the overall habitus. It has 6 to 6.5 whorls that regularly increase. The last turn lowers a little just before the mouth. The mouth edge is bent over with a strong inner lip; the edge of the mouth is elliptical in outline. In populations in southern Switzerland, even a tooth can be formed. The edge of the mouth is colored red, the inner lip white. The umbilicus is at least partially open, but very narrow (about 1/10 of the diameter). It can be partially covered by the folded spindle fold.
The color of the case varies from yellow-gray to mostly reddish-brown, from which the name is derived. The surface has a dull sheen and a very fine and regular grid sculpture. The pattern looks like very regular, narrow, elongated fish scales. There are around 130 such scales per square millimeter. This pattern is very characteristic and even allows shell fragments to be assigned to this species.
The soft body of the animal is usually pale red; the front part dark gray. However, the color of the soft body varies considerably; it can reach deep black. Also albinism occurs. In the hermaphroditic genitalia, the spermatic duct (vas deferens), which is not very twisted, opens into the epiphallus. The epiphallus is comparatively short, only slightly longer than the worm-shaped flagellum. The almost cylindrical penis is also very long, significantly longer than the epiphallus. The penile retractor muscle attaches to the distal area of the epiphallus near the transition area to the penis. The vagina is very long, three to four times longer than the free fallopian tube. The very large, club-shaped arrow sack attaches to the distal part of the vagina. It contains only one love arrow . Near the branch of the spermathec there are two to three glandulae mucosae on the vagina, each of which divides into two to five arms. The stalk of the spermatheca is very long, the bladder almost level with the albumin gland.
Similar species
The shell of the reddish leaf snail differs from the southeastern leaf snail ( Monachoides vicinus ) by the more flattened top, the open umbilicus and the finer pattern on the surface. Other forms that are very similar in housing morphology lack the reticulate pattern.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The reddish leaf snail occurs in western and central Europe, in the north to southern Sweden and in the south to northern Italy. The distribution area extends from Poland, Austria, Hungary, Romania to Bulgaria, the Ukraine and southern Russia.
The species lives under stones, bushes and leaves in the leaf litter of moist forests, on the banks of water, but mostly very scattered. The species is also found less frequently in gardens, vineyards or pine forests. However, a large density of individuals can be reached in suitable habitats. Juvenile animals are also found climbing on trees or in the herbaceous layer. In Switzerland and Bulgaria the species rises to 1,600 m above sea level.
Way of life and reproduction
The species lives on fresh plant material, fruits and roots, the young animals also on decomposing plant material. Reproduction probably takes place in late summer. At least in late summer, the eggs are laid in burrows that are dug by the animals in groups of 15 to 71 pieces (20 to 60 eggs). The single egg is 1.5 to 2 mm in diameter. The young hatch from the egg after 17 to 24 days. The animals reach an age of up to two years.
Taxonomy
The species was first scientifically described in 1774 by Otto Friedrich Müller under the name Helix incarnata . It is the type species of the genus Monachoides Gude & Woodward, 1921.
Danger
The species is not endangered in its range or in Germany.
supporting documents
literature
- Klaus Bogon: Land snails biology, ecology, biotope protection. 404 p., Natur Verlag, Augsburg 1990 ISBN 3-89440-002-1 (hereinafter abbreviated, Bogon, Landschnecken with corresponding page number)
- Jürgen H. Jungbluth and Dietrich von Knorre: Common names of land and freshwater mollusks in Germany (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26 (1): 105-156, Dresden 2008, ISSN 1864-5127
- Michael P. Kerney, Robert AD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 p., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin 1983, ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 255, as Perforatella (Monachoides) incarnata )
- Ewald Frömming: Biology of the Central European Landgastropods. 404 p., Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1954 (in the following abbreviated from Frömming, Landgastropoden with corresponding page number)
On-line
Individual evidence
- ^ Rosina Fechter and Gerhard Falkner: Molluscs. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich 1990 (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10), ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 214)
- ↑ Bogon, Landschnecken, p. 338/9 (as Perforatella incarnata )
- ↑ Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 14 Helicodontidae, Ciliellidae, Hygromiidae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2 (14): 1907-2047, Moscow 2006 ISSN 0136-0027 (publication date corrected in vol. 15, p. 2115) (p. 1943/4)
- ^ Alexandru V. Grossu: Gastropoda Romaniae 4 Ordo Stylommatophora Suprafam: Arionacea, Zonitacea, Ariophantacea şi Helicacea. 564 pp., Bucharest 1983 (pp. 453/4).
- ↑ Frömming, terrestrial gastropods, S. 271/2 (as Monacha incarnata )
- ↑ Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5 (S. 552)
- ↑ Otto Friedrich Müller: Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volume alterum. S. I-XXVI, 1-214, Heineck & Faber, Havniae / Copenhagen & Lipsiae / Leipzig, 1774 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 63).
- ^ Vollrath Wiese: The land snails of Germany. 352 p., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2014 ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 276)
- ↑ Monachoides incarnatus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Posted by: Neubert, E., 2011. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
