Loan back
A reborrowing is a special form of Lehnworts .
Sometimes a word is taken over into another language and changes its meaning, sound or spelling there. If this new word is borrowed back in its original language, one speaks of borrowing back. A list of loans back into German can be found in Paul 2002, a much more extensive one in Bär 2017.
Examples
One example is guerrilla . This word comes from the Germanic word vera , which meant confusion, confusion . In the Romance languages that do not write a “W”, it was adopted in the spelling Guerre or Guerra , where it meant war. When the guerrilla war, Spanish guerrilla (lit .: the little war) was developed in the fight against Napoleon on the Iberian peninsula , this term for the partisan struggle came back into the German language , although one could not recognize that the Newcomer was a homecomer.
“Boulevard” is such a borrowing back. Here a bulwark came into the French language and returned as a boulevard, as did the salon (hall), agraffe (Old High German "krapfo" for "fight" / "hook"), armchair ("faldistôl" for folded chair), loge (Old High German " Laubja "for" leaves "), Robe (Old High German" Raubon "for" robber "/" robber "), spy (Old High German" spehon "for" spying ").
The Hebrew word תכלית (“purpose”, modern pronunciation: / taχˈlit / ) got the additional meanings “result”, “serious matter” in Yiddish (pronunciation: / ˈtaχləs / ) and found its way back into Hebrew as תכלס (pronunciation: / ˈTaχles / ) with the meanings "factual, core of the matter" (see also Wiktionary → Tacheles talk ).
Loans back prove that language exchange is not a one-way street. But they also indicate a little how problematic the distinction between foreign , loan and inherited words can be.
literature
- Helmut Glück (Ed.), With the collaboration of Friederike Schmöe : Metzler Lexikon Sprache. 3rd, revised edition. Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2005, ISBN 3-476-02056-8 (keyword: “back loan”).
Individual evidence
- ^ Hermann Paul : German dictionary. 10th, revised and expanded edition. by Helmut Henne , Heidrun Kämper and Georg Objartel. Max Niemeyer, Tübingen 2002, ISBN 3-484-73057-9 , keyword “back loan”, page 23.
- ↑ Jochen A. Bär: There and back again. Words abroad. In: Der Sprachdienst 2, 2017, pp. 61–92; List of back loans on pages 67–89.
- ↑ Frogleap: back loans from the French language (from a German perspective)
- ^ Yiddish Dictionary Online
