Rabab
Rabāb , also rabab, rebab, rbab, rababa and similar spellings ( Arabic رباب, DMG Rabab ), designated by the arc painted lute instruments often with a round or rectangular sound box , one to three strings and a ceiling made of animal skin, from the Maghreb in North Africa, the Arab countries of the Middle East , Turkey , Iran as far as Southeast Asia are common . In South Asia and Central Asia , the word rabāb stands for plucked long-necked sounds.
The rabāb reached Central Europe via Spain and Sicily, where in the 13th century it stimulated the rebec , one of the most important string instruments of the Middle Ages. In medieval North Africa, the rebāb andalūsī was as popular as the short-necked oriental lute ʿūd . Despite its limited range of just over an octave, the rebab became a popular instrument in light music in the Ottoman Empire . There are similarities to the somewhat longer stringed lute kamantsche, which is played in Iranian music .
The rabāb should not be confused with the rubāb found in Afghanistan , a plucked instrument with about 19 strings and a double body . The plucked Iranian long-necked lute tar with a double resonance body developed from the rubab . The rabāb played in India during the Mughal period was a five-string plucked long-necked lute with a round body, which was replaced by the sursingar in the 19th century .
In various Arab and Central Asian countries as far as China there are other stringed instruments , developed from the Arabic consonant root rbb , under names such as rawap for the Uyghurs and rebab, rubab, robab and rababah ; most of the Central Asian are related to the Afghan model. Their distribution area ranges from the single-stringed bowed box lute ribab of the Moroccan Rwais- Berbers in the west to the Southeast Asian spiked fiddle rebab with a small round sound box and three strings, which occurs in Indonesia to the Muslim music of Lombok in the east.
In Sudan , rabāb or rabāba is a common alternative name for the bowl veil tanbura .
literature
- Alastair Dick, Christian Poché, Jack Percival Baker Dobbs, Margaret J. Kartomi, Jean During, John Baily : Rabāb. In: Grove Music Online , 2001
- Jean During, Zia Mirabdolbaghi, Dariush Safvat: The Art of Persian Music . Mage Publishers, Washington DC 1991, ISBN 0-934211-22-1 , pp. 110 and 123-125.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Ulrich Wegner: African string instruments. Staatliche Museen Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin 1984 (= publications by the Museum für Völkerkunde Berlin , Neue Series 41, Department of Ethnic Music , V), ISBN 388609-117-1 , p. 145