Raduga (satellite)
Raduga ( Russian Радуга for rainbow ) is the name of Soviet and later Russian geostationary communication satellites . They were used to transmit television data, but also had military tasks and were used by the military under the name Gran.
history
The development of the satellites began in the late 1960s. The simulation model of the series was launched on March 26, 1974 as Kosmos 637 . The first Raduga satellite (military name "Gran" GRAY index 11F638) followed on 22 December 1975. A total of 35 satellites were with a proton - launcher starts, the last two satellites were lost (1996 and 1999) by a false start . From 1989 onwards a further developed variant (Raduga-1, military name “Globus”, GRAU index 17F15) of the satellites was used in addition to the normal one, seven of which were successfully launched into space. On December 9, 2007, the further improved variant Raduga-1M followed (initially incorrectly called Kosmos 2434).
Technical specifications
The three-axis stabilized satellite based on the KAUR-3 - satellite bus are within the orbit - and Intersputnik used -Systems. The transponders with a bandwidth of 40 MHz each are suitable for multiple access in the FDMA process.
Raduga (Gran) | Raduga-1 (globe) | |
---|---|---|
Dimensions | 2,000 kg | 2,300 kg |
Transponder for 6/4 GHz | 2 × 3 C-band | 6 C-band with a total of 195 W output power |
height | 5.5 m | |
diameter | 2.5 m | |
Span solar cell | 9.5 m with 1,280 W power | |
First start | March 26, 1974 | June 22, 1989 |
position | 35 ° and 85 ° East | |
planned service life | 3 years | 3 years |
Start list
Surname | NSSDC ID | position | date | Launch site | Launcher | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Raduga 1 (Gran 11L) | 1975-123A | 22nd December 1975 | ||||
Raduga 2 (Gran 12L) | 1976-092A | September 11, 1976 | ||||
Raduga 3 (Gran 7L) | 1977-071A | July 23, 1977 | ||||
Raduga 4 (Gran 14L) | 1978-073A | July 18, 1978 | ||||
Raduga 5 (Gran 15L) | 1979-035A | April 25, 1979 | ||||
Raduga 6 (Gran 16L) | 1980-016A | February 20, 1980 | ||||
Raduga 7 (Gran 17L) | 1980-081A | 5th October 1980 | ||||
Raduga 8 (Gran 18L) | 1981-027A | March 18, 1981 | ||||
Raduga 9 (Gran 19L) | 1981-069A | July 30, 1981 | ||||
Raduga 10 (Gran 20L) | 1981-102A | October 9, 1981 | ||||
Raduga 11 (Gran 21L) | 1982-113A | November 26, 1982 | ||||
Raduga (12) (Gran 22L) | December 24, 1982 | False start | ||||
Raduga 12 (Gran 23L) | 1983-028A | April 8, 1983 | ||||
Raduga 13 (Gran 24L) | 1983-088A | August 25, 1983 | ||||
Raduga 14 (Gran 25L) | 1984-016A | February 15, 1984 | ||||
Raduga 15 (Gran 27L) | 1984-063A | June 22, 1984 | ||||
Raduga 16 (Gran 26L) | 1985-070A | August 8, 1985 | ||||
Raduga 17 (Gran 28L) | 1985-107A | November 15, 1985 | ||||
Raduga 18 (Gran 29L) | 1986-007A | 17th January 1986 | ||||
Raduga 19 (Gran 30L) | 1986-082A | October 25, 1986 | ||||
Raduga 20 (Gran 31L) | 1987-028A | March 19, 1987 | ||||
Raduga 21 (Gran 32L) | 1987-100A | December 10, 1987 | ||||
Raduga 22 (Gran 34L) | 1988-095A | October 20, 1988 | ||||
Raduga 23 (Gran 33L) | 1989-030A | April 14, 1989 | ||||
Raduga 24 (Gran 36L) | 1989-098A | December 15, 1989 | ||||
Raduga 25 (Gran 35L) | 1990-016A | February 15, 1990 | ||||
Raduga 26 (Gran 37L) | 1990-112A | December 20, 1990 | ||||
Raduga 27 (Gran 38L) | 1991-014A | February 28, 1991 | ||||
Raduga 28 (Gran 39L) | 1991-087A | December 19, 1991 | ||||
Raduga 29 (Gran 42L) | 1993-013A | March 25, 1993 | ||||
Raduga 30 (Gran 41L) | 1993-062A | September 30, 1993 | ||||
Raduga 31 (Gran 40L) | 1994-012A | February 18, 1994 | ||||
Raduga 32 (Gran 43L) | 1994-087A | December 28, 1994 | ||||
Raduga 33 (Gran 44L) | 1996-010A | February 19, 1996 | ||||
Raduga (34) (Gran 45L) | July 5, 1999 | False start | ||||
Raduga-1 1 (globe 11L) | 1989-048A | June 21, 1989 | ||||
Raduga-1 2 (globe 12L) | 1990-116A | December 27, 1990 | ||||
Raduga-1 3 (globe xxL) | 1994-008A | 5th February 1994 | ||||
Raduga-1 4 (globe 14L) | 1999-010A | February 28, 1999 | ||||
Raduga-1 5 (globe 15L) | 2000-049A | August 28, 2000 | ||||
Raduga-1 6 (globe 16L) | 2001-045A | October 6, 2001 | ||||
Raduga-1 7 (globe 17L) | 2004-010A | March 27, 2004 | ||||
Raduga-1M 1 (Globus-M 1) | 2007-058A | 12 ° E | December 9, 2007 | Baikonur | Proton-M / Bris-M | |
Raduga-1 8 (globe 18L) | 2009-010A | 70 ° E | February 28, 2009 | Baikonur | Proton-K / Blok-DM2 | |
Raduga-1M 2 (Globus-M 2) | 2010-002A | 85 ° E | January 28, 2010 | Baikonur | Proton-M / Bris-M | |
Raduga-1M 3 (Globus-M 3) | 11th. November.2013 |
Web links
- RussianSpaceWeb: Raduga (English)
- RussianSpaceWeb: Raduga-1 (English)
- Raduga in the Encyclopedia Astronautica (English)
- Gunter's Space Page: Raduga-1M (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Raduga 1M-1 in the NSSDCA Master Catalog , accessed on November 12, 2013 (English).
- ↑ Raduga 1 in the NSSDCA Master Catalog, accessed on November 12, 2013 (English).
- ↑ Raduga 1M in the NSSDCA Master Catalog, accessed on November 12, 2013 (English).