Cosmos (satellite)
Kosmos ( Russian Космос ) is a standard name for various Soviet and Russian earth satellites and spacecraft . For the first time a satellite called Kosmos 1 was launched in 1962 . Since a new carrier was used for the first time at this launch , it was also named after the payload, as was common in the Soviet Union at the time, so that its carrier system was also referred to as Kosmos .
In addition, the term cosmos was used to designate many different earth satellites about which no more detailed information was given (e.g. military satellites, prototypes of new spacecraft). Therefore, the number of missions running under the name Kosmos grew rapidly and exceeded the 1000 mark in the mid-1970s. In addition, failed missions were often given Kosmos names in retrospect. The assignment of Kosmos designations is still common today for missions of a military nature.
A cosmos designation carried among others:
- Investigation of cosmic radiation: Cosmos 3, 5, 6, 17, 19
- Geomagnetic research: Kosmos 26, 49
- Investigation of the charged particles in the earth's magnetic field: Cosmos 41
- Investigation of the infrared and ultraviolet radiation of the earth: Kosmos 45, 65
- Investigation of the luminosity of the starry sky in the ultraviolet and visible part of the spectrum: Cosmos 51
- Investigation of the infrared and gamma radiation of the earth: Kosmos 92
- Investigation of the theory of relativity with a molecular quantum generator: Kosmos 97
- Measurement of the micrometeorite density : Kosmos 135, 163
- Investigation of the longest wave propagation in the ionosphere : Kosmos 142, 259
- Air density measurement: Kosmos 146
- Testing the aerodynamic stabilization of earth satellites: Kosmos 149
- Investigation of solar X-rays and ultraviolet radiation: Kosmos 166, 215, 230
- Investigation of solar and stellar X-rays: Kosmos 208, 230
- Investigation of the upper atmosphere and the Northern Lights and the Whistler : Cosmos 261
- Ionospheric mass spectrometry studies : Kosmos 274
- Investigation of the ionosphere: Cosmos 381
- Test satellites for the Meteor program (weather satellites): Kosmos 112, 122, 144, 156, 184, 206, 243
- failed space probes of the Zond program: Kosmos 21
- failed lunar probes : Cosmos 60, Cosmos 111, Cosmos 300, Cosmos 305
- failed Venus probes : Kosmos 167, 359, 482
- failed Mars probes : Cosmos 419
- unmanned test flights of the Vozhod spaceship : Kosmos 47 , Kosmos 57 , Kosmos 110
- Unmanned test flights of the Soyuz spacecraft : Kosmos 133 , 140 , 186 and 188 , 212 and 213 , 238 , 496 , 573 , 613 , 638 , 670 , 672 , 772 , 869 , 1001 , 1074
- unmanned test flights of the lunar module LK : Kosmos 379, 398 and 434.
- unmanned test flights of the TKS spacecraft 929 , 1267 , 1443 , 1686
- unmanned test flights of the BOR space glider : Kosmos 1374, 1445, 1517, 1614
- an unusable space station : Kosmos 557
- Surveillance satellites with radionuclide batteries for energy supply: RORSAT
- several hundred photographic reconnaissance satellites of the Zenit type
- over 400 military communications satellites of the type Strela
- about 100 military Parus navigation and communication satellites
- ten research satellites Bion 1 to Bion 10 also had Kosmos numbers.
literature
- Herbert Pfaffe, Peter Stache: spacecraft. A type book. VEB Publishing House for Transport, Berlin, 1973
