Raduga (satellite)

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Raduga ( Russian Радуга for rainbow ) is the name of Soviet and later Russian geostationary communication satellites . They were used to transmit television data, but also had military tasks and were used by the military under the name Gran.

history

The development of the satellites began in the late 1960s. The simulation model of the series was launched on March 26, 1974 as Kosmos 637 . The first Raduga satellite (military name "Gran" GRAY index 11F638) followed on 22 December 1975. A total of 35 satellites were with a proton - launcher starts, the last two satellites were lost (1996 and 1999) by a false start . From 1989 onwards a further developed variant (Raduga-1, military name “Globus”, GRAU index 17F15) of the satellites was used in addition to the normal one, seven of which were successfully launched into space. On December 9, 2007, the further improved variant Raduga-1M followed (initially incorrectly called Kosmos 2434).

Technical specifications

The three-axis stabilized satellite based on the KAUR-3 - satellite bus are within the orbit - and Intersputnik used -Systems. The transponders with a bandwidth of 40 MHz each are suitable for multiple access in the FDMA process.

Raduga (Gran) Raduga-1 (globe)
Dimensions 2,000 kg 2,300 kg
Transponder for 6/4 GHz 2 × 3 C-band 6 C-band
with a total of 195 W output power
height 5.5 m
diameter 2.5 m
Span solar cell 9.5 m with 1,280 W power
First start March 26, 1974 June 22, 1989
position 35 ° and 85 ° East
planned service life 3 years 3 years

Start list

Surname NSSDC ID position date Launch site Launcher Remarks
Raduga 1 (Gran 11L) 1975-123A 22nd December 1975
Raduga 2 (Gran 12L) 1976-092A September 11, 1976
Raduga 3 (Gran 7L) 1977-071A July 23, 1977
Raduga 4 (Gran 14L) 1978-073A July 18, 1978
Raduga 5 (Gran 15L) 1979-035A April 25, 1979
Raduga 6 (Gran 16L) 1980-016A February 20, 1980
Raduga 7 (Gran 17L) 1980-081A 5th October 1980
Raduga 8 (Gran 18L) 1981-027A March 18, 1981
Raduga 9 (Gran 19L) 1981-069A July 30, 1981
Raduga 10 (Gran 20L) 1981-102A October 9, 1981
Raduga 11 (Gran 21L) 1982-113A November 26, 1982
Raduga (12) (Gran 22L) December 24, 1982 False start
Raduga 12 (Gran 23L) 1983-028A April 8, 1983
Raduga 13 (Gran 24L) 1983-088A August 25, 1983
Raduga 14 (Gran 25L) 1984-016A February 15, 1984
Raduga 15 (Gran 27L) 1984-063A June 22, 1984
Raduga 16 (Gran 26L) 1985-070A August 8, 1985
Raduga 17 (Gran 28L) 1985-107A November 15, 1985
Raduga 18 (Gran 29L) 1986-007A 17th January 1986
Raduga 19 (Gran 30L) 1986-082A October 25, 1986
Raduga 20 (Gran 31L) 1987-028A March 19, 1987
Raduga 21 (Gran 32L) 1987-100A December 10, 1987
Raduga 22 (Gran 34L) 1988-095A October 20, 1988
Raduga 23 (Gran 33L) 1989-030A April 14, 1989
Raduga 24 (Gran 36L) 1989-098A December 15, 1989
Raduga 25 (Gran 35L) 1990-016A February 15, 1990
Raduga 26 (Gran 37L) 1990-112A December 20, 1990
Raduga 27 (Gran 38L) 1991-014A February 28, 1991
Raduga 28 (Gran 39L) 1991-087A December 19, 1991
Raduga 29 (Gran 42L) 1993-013A March 25, 1993
Raduga 30 (Gran 41L) 1993-062A September 30, 1993
Raduga 31 (Gran 40L) 1994-012A February 18, 1994
Raduga 32 (Gran 43L) 1994-087A December 28, 1994
Raduga 33 (Gran 44L) 1996-010A February 19, 1996
Raduga (34) (Gran 45L) July 5, 1999 False start
Raduga-1 1 (globe 11L) 1989-048A June 21, 1989
Raduga-1 2 (globe 12L) 1990-116A December 27, 1990
Raduga-1 3 (globe xxL) 1994-008A 5th February 1994
Raduga-1 4 (globe 14L) 1999-010A February 28, 1999
Raduga-1 5 (globe 15L) 2000-049A August 28, 2000
Raduga-1 6 (globe 16L) 2001-045A October 6, 2001
Raduga-1 7 (globe 17L) 2004-010A March 27, 2004
Raduga-1M 1 (Globus-M 1) 2007-058A 12 ° E December 9, 2007 Baikonur Proton-M / Bris-M
Raduga-1 8 (globe 18L) 2009-010A 70 ° E February 28, 2009 Baikonur Proton-K / Blok-DM2
Raduga-1M 2 (Globus-M 2) 2010-002A 85 ° E January 28, 2010 Baikonur Proton-M / Bris-M
Raduga-1M 3 (Globus-M 3) 11th. November.2013

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Raduga 1M-1 in the NSSDCA Master Catalog , accessed on November 12, 2013 (English).
  2. Raduga 1 in the NSSDCA Master Catalog, accessed on November 12, 2013 (English).
  3. Raduga 1M in the NSSDCA Master Catalog, accessed on November 12, 2013 (English).