Raida (Yemen)

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ريدة
Raida
Raida (Yemen)
Raida
Raida
Coordinates 15 ° 49 ′  N , 44 ° 2 ′  E Coordinates: 15 ° 49 ′  N , 44 ° 2 ′  E
Basic data
Country Yemen

Governorate

ʿAmrān
ISO 3166-2 YE-AM
height 2200 m
Residents 14,046 (2004 census)
Yemeni Jews on a plane to Israel
Yemeni Jews on a plane to Israel

Raida (also: Raydah , Arabic ريدة, DMG Raida ) is a city in GAmrān Governorate in western Yemen . The regional capital ʿAmrān is just under 20 km southwest. Essentially, Raida consists of a central market street.

history

Raida was founded as a Bakīl city ​​in Sabaean times. The old South Arabian Bakīlen go back to Bakīl (brother Hashids ), founder of the largest tribal confederation in Yemen.

Raida had a significant Jewish market. With the waves of emigration between 1881 and 1950, especially the wave of escape from the Magic Carpet , only a small Jewish minority remained . In 2009 the Jewish community still numbered 266 people and maintained three synagogues and two schools for the care of their Jewish customs.

Younger story

During the Gaza conflict in 2008–2009 , tensions between the Jemini-Jewish diaspora and local Muslims increased . These eventually escalated and a Jewish teacher was shot dead by Islamist extremists . Further attacks with fatalities followed in the 1980s. The recurring attacks by al-Qaeda ultimately led to a majority of families emigrating to Israel in June 2009 and the Jewish community completely giving up their settlements.

Moshe Ya'ish al-Nahari

At the end of 2008, the few remaining Jews emigrated completely. The decisive reason was the murder of the city's Jewish Hebrew teacher, Moshe Ya'ish al-Nahari . Moshe Ya'ish al-Nahari refused to comply with a request from a Muslim extremist to convert to Islam immediately, which is why fire was immediately opened against him using a machine gun. Moshe Ya'ish al-Nahari succumbed to his serious injuries from the hail of bullets at the scene. The perpetrator, Abdul Aziz Yahya Al-Abdi , was tried. Its lawyers pleaded incapacity due to schizophrenic personality disorders. In the Jewish camp this was viewed as an immense disgrace. However, clarifications in the matter ultimately led to this feature of possible culpability becoming obsolete. The subsequent verdict in 2009 resulted in the perpetrator being liable for damages (equivalent to $ 27,500) instead of the hoped-for death penalty. This was seen as unjust, "owed" to the Muslim majority and simply scandalous. The death penalty was only imposed during the appeal process, but this could no longer be carried out because the perpetrator knew how to bribe the prison authorities in April 2011 and flee.

Surroundings

Typical landscape in the western mountainside

Raida lies on the eastern edge of the western mountain slope , a spectacular landscape with deeply cut valleys. These are hardly accessible because they are not accessible. On the other hand, it offered protection against invading enemies. It is thanks to these circumstances that the tribal society in the highlands developed autochthonously over centuries.

In order to be able to obtain agricultural products from the rare fertile soils, the population has always been dependent on terraced agriculture. The surrounding landscape of ʿAmrān has mainly terraced landscapes or fields delimited by stone walls in order to counteract erosion of the fertile arable land. Every centimeter of fertile soil is used. For this purpose, species-rich dry forests have been cleared since ancient times . Natural vegetation forms a multitude of succulent euphorbias . Coffee can be grown where the valleys spread.

Nearby is the ancient site, Na'it .

literature

  • Aviva Klein-Franke: The Jews in Yemen in Werner Daum Yemen , Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt / Main, ISBN 3-7016-2251-5
  • Aviva Klein-Franke: Tradition and innovation in jewelry production in Yemen in the 20th century , in: Simurgh 1, pp. 19–29, 2005
  • Horst Kopp (Editor): Regional Geography Yemen , Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag Wiesbaden, 2005, ISBN 3-89500-500-2
  • Ester Muchawsky-Schnapper: The Yeminites: Two Thousand Years of Jewish Culture , Jerusalem 2000
  • Hermann von Wissmann : On the history and regional studies of old South Arabia ( Eduard Glaser Collection , No. 3 = Austrian Academy of Sciences, philosophical-historical class, meeting reports , volume 246) Böhlaus, Vienna 1964, especially p. 276 ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Census December 16, 2004
  2. ^ Hermann von Wissmann: On the history and regional studies of Old South Arabia ( Eduard Glaser Collection ), p. 361
  3. ↑ Andrey Korotayev , pre-Islamic Yemen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1996. ISBN 3-447-03679-6 .
  4. ↑ Vogel, Dieter. Yemen , Insight Guides, 1997. pg. 197. ISBN 9-62421-091-8
  5. ^ Yemen - Appeals Court Sentences Muslim to Death for Killing Jewish Teacher
  6. ↑ Tobias Kühn in the Jüdischen Allgemeine
  7. ^ Yemeni who killed Jew gets death sentence
  8. ^ Report: Yemeni Jew's killer escapes jail
  9. ↑ annotated picture
  10. ↑ Kopp, pp. 36–37 (see lit.)
  11. ↑ see map; In: Horst Kopp (editor): Länderkunde Yemen , Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag Wiesbaden, 2005, ISBN 3-89500-500-2

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