Rallina
| Rallina | ||||||||||
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Tricolor rail ( Rallina tricolor ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||
| Rallina | ||||||||||
| GR Gray , 1846 |
Rallina is a genus thatoccursin eight species in Asia and Australasia . Their habitat are forests or swamp forests .
features
The head, neck and chest are chestnut colored. The top is chestnut, brownish or black. The pattern on the underside is different and varies from a solid reddish brown with indistinct, light feather tips to a distinct black and white banding. In all species the umbrella feathers and the under wing coverts are dark brown or black with white spots or bands. The Malay Rail also has white bands and spots on the shoulders and upper wing-coverts.
The four species that are endemic to New Guinea temporarily formed the genus Rallicula . They are 18 to 23 cm tall rails with a strong sexual dimorphism between the sexes. The females are spotted from the mantle to the rump and top. The males are either unmarked (in the case of the chestnut rail , the nymph rail and the cyclopene rail ) or dashed (in the case of the dash rail ). The other four species are taller at 21 to 34 m and show moderate to no sexual dimorphism.
Way of life
Little is known about the way of life and reproductive behavior of some species. Six species lay pure white eggs, the eggs of the barley rail and the cyclopene rail have not yet been described. The Malay Reel and the Hindu Reel , both found on the Asian mainland, are both resident and migratory birds in their range. The three-colored rail sometimes migrates in northeastern Australia.
status
The Hindu rail, the Malay rail, the three-color rail, the nymph rail and the chestnut rail are considered safe ( least concern ) according to the IUCN . The Andaman rail and the barley rail are on the warning list ( near threatened ). The Cyclops' Rail from New Guinea is the least researched form of the genus and is classified in the category of insufficient data ( data deficient ).
Systematics
- The chestnut rail ( Rallina rubra ) occurs in three subspecies in the Arfak Mountains in western New Guinea, from the Weyland Mountains to the Oranje Mountains in west-central New Guinea and in central New Guinea. It reaches a length of 18 to 23 cm.
- The distribution area of the barbed rail ( Rallina leucospila ) extends from Tamrau to the Arfak and Wondiwoiberge ( Wandammenberge ) of the Wandammen peninsula in northwestern New Guinea. It reaches a length of 20 to 23 cm. There are no subspecies.
- The nymph rail ( Rallina forbesi ) occurs in four subspecies in central New Guinea, northeast New Guinea and southeast New Guinea. It reaches a length of 20 to 25 cm.
- The Cyclops' Rail ( Rallina mayri ) occurs in two subspecies in the Cyclops Mountains in western New Guinea and in the Torricelli and Bewani Mountains in northwest Papua New Guinea. It reaches a length of 20 to 23 cm.
- The distribution area of the three-colored rail ( Rallina tricolor ) extends from New Guinea and the coastal islands, over the Bismarck Archipelago to north and east Queensland (Australia); Evidence is also said to exist from the southern Moluccas and the eastern Lesser Sunda Islands. It reaches a length of 23 to 30 cm. There are no subspecies.
- The Andaman Rail ( Rallina canningi ) occurs on North Andaman Island and South Andaman Island in the Andaman Islands . At 34 cm, it is the largest species in the genus. There are no subspecies.
- The distribution area of the Malay Rail ( Rallina fasciata ) extends from Cachar in northeast India over southern Myanmar east to the Philippines and south to Sumatra and Flores. There is also evidence of the Great and Small Sunda Islands and the Moluccas. It reaches a length of 22 to 25 cm. There are no subspecies.
- The Hindurallee ( Rallina eurizonoides ) occurs in seven subspecies in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Myanmar, Vietnam, China, Thailand, Java, the Ryūkyū Islands, Taiwan, the Orchid Island , the Philippines, the Palau Islands, the Batan Islands, Sulawesi and the Sula Islands. It reaches a length of 21 to 25 cm.
In 2011 a species of rail was discovered on Groß Nikobar in the Nicobar Islands , which could represent a new species of this genus.
literature
- Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliot, Jordi Sargatal : Handbook of the birds of the world. Volume 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona 1996, ISBN 84-87334-20-2 .
- P. Barry Taylor & Ber van Perlo: Rails: A Guide to the Rails, Crakes, Gallinules, and Coots of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven 1998, ISBN 0-300-07758-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ S. Rajeshkumar, C. Raghunathan, PC Rasmussen: An apparently new species of rallina crake from Great Nicobar Iceland, India . In: Birding Asia . 17, 2012, pp. 44-46.