Ramadi
| Ramadi | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| location | |||
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| Coordinates | 33 ° 26 ' N , 43 ° 18' E | ||
| Country |
 Iraq
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| Governorate | al-Anbar | ||
| Basic data | |||
| Residents | 274,539 (2012) | ||
| mayor | Ahmed Al-Dulaimi | ||
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Ramadi ( Arabic الرمادي ar-Ramādī ) is a city in Iraq , on the Euphrates , about 110 kilometers west of Baghdad , northwest of Al-Habbaniyya Lake ( Buhairat al-Habbāniyya ), with 274,539 inhabitants (last change February 28, 2012). Ramadi is the capital of the province of al-Anbar .
history
As early as 1836, the British explorer Francis Rawdon Chesney reported about a “pretty little town” in the fertile alluvial land. Today's Ramadi was founded in 1870 by Midhat Pasha , one of the local rulers of the Ottoman Empire along the road between the Levant and Baghdad; The aim was to settle and settle nomadic Bedouin tribes.
First World War
Ramadi was fiercely contested on the Mesopotamia front. The British fought two battles against the Ottoman Empire in July and September 1917, losing the first battle and winning the second.
In the first battle, Lieutenant General Frederick Stanley Maude lost due to extreme heat, disorganization, Turkish artillery fire and a sandstorm.
In September 1917 Maude tried again to conquer the city. The attack wave was led by Major General HT Brookings.
Second World War
After the military coup in Iraq in 1941 , the leader of the coup began a siege of the RAF Habbaniya British air base near Ramadi . The British counterattack led to the Anglo-Iraqi war .
From 1945
Between 1952 and 1956, the Ramadi weir over the Euphrates was built by the French company Hersent according to the plans of a British engineering firm , with which its water can be channeled into Lake Al-Habbaniyya .
From the Gulf and Iraq wars
In 1995 Ramadi was the scene of mass demonstrations against Saddam Hussein , although the rest of the “ Sunni Triangle ” was considered a stronghold of support for Saddam Hussein. It was triggered by the execution of members of local Ramadi tribes.
After the Iraq war , the interim administration of the coalition in Iraq removed members of the Ba'ath Party from the Iraqi political apparatus and disbanded the Iraqi army. In Ramadi, a particularly large number of officials and military personnel were affected by these "purges" and subsequently made Ramadi a place of resistance against the occupiers.
On August 31, 2013, a car bomb explosion near a checkpoint in the city center killed 12 people and injured at least 20 others.
Occupation by the IS
In December 2013, fighters from the jihadist - Salafist organization Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) began to take control of the cities of Fallujah and Ramadi. The Iraqi government sent soldiers from the Iraqi Special Operations Forces (ISOF) to fight terrorism in both cities. On May 15, 2015, the media reported the conquest of Ramadi by the terrorist organization, which has now been renamed "Islamic State". In a television interview, US Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter accused the Iraqi troops of showing no will to fight.
In autumn 2015, the ring of siege around the city was tightened. On November 23, 2015, 14 of Ramadi's 39 districts were allegedly taken by units loyal to the government, and on November 28, 2015 the bridge over the Euphrates . According to the Iraqi Army, it had completely retaken the city from IS by December 28, 2015.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Geonames.org cities15000.zip (ZIP file, 1.8 MB)
- ^ Aref Abu-Rabia: A Bedouin Century . Berghahn Books, 2001, ISBN 978-1-571-81832-4 ( limited preview in Google book search).
- ↑ Christopher J. Richman: Tucker, Spencer C. (Eds.): Encyclopedia Of World War I: A Political, Social, And Military History , Roberts, Priscilla Mary, ABC-CLIO, September 2005, ISBN 978-1-85109- 420-2 , pp. 966-67.
- ^ Tabular Summary of Civil Engineering Contract 1953 - Irrigation. ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: The Engineer , January 29, 1954, p. 27 (digital p. 24 of 58) (PDF, 21 MB)
- ↑ Fitzsimmons (2013: 22)
- ↑ Ahmed Hashim: Insurgency and Counter-insurgency in Iraq . Cornell University Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-801-44452-4 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ Fitzsimmons (2013: 23)
- ↑ Kamal Namaa, Raheem Salman, Sylvia Westall and Alison Williams: Car bomb in Iraqi city of Ramadi kills 12. Reuters, August 31, 2013, accessed October 1, 2013 .
- ^ Daniel Glaus: Islamists proclaim the state of God in Iraq. In: tagesanzeiger.ch. January 2, 2014, accessed February 16, 2015 .
- ↑ AFP: Islamist rebels on the rise. In: FAZ.net . January 2, 2014, accessed February 16, 2015 .
- ^ IS Ramadi: IS conquers provincial capital in Iraq . In: fr-online.de . May 15, 2015 ( fr.de [accessed on May 15, 2015]).
- ↑ dpa / AFP: IS conquers Ramadi - Shiite militias are preparing for battle . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . May 18, 2015. Retrieved May 24, 2015.
- ↑ The US Department of Defense even spread this statement in its own press release: Carter: Iraqi Forces Failed to Fight for Ramadi .
- ↑ Birger Menke suspects: "The fact that Carter rushes forward with such clear words may also be due to the fact that the troops in Ramadi left behind many vehicles that they had received from the USA, including tanks. In all probability, they are now in their hands the Islamists. " - US Secretary of Defense criticizes Iraqi troops: "No will to fight shown"
- ↑ http://www.iraqinews.com/iraq-war/anti-terrorism-announces-liberation-22-neighborhoods-39-ramadi/
- ^ Iraqi forces cut last IS supply line to Ramadi by retaking bridge . In: Reuters . November 26, 2016 ( reuters.com [accessed February 1, 2017]).
- ↑ Fight against IS: Iraqi troops report complete retaking of Ramadi. Spiegel Online, December 28, 2015, accessed on the same day
