Frederick Stanley Maude

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Sir F. Stanley Maude

Sir Frederick Stanley Maude KCB , CMG , DSO (born June 24, 1864 in Gibraltar , † November 18, 1917 in Baghdad ) was a British general in the First World War . He was best known for his work on the Mesopotamia front and the conquest of Baghdad in 1917.

Life

Maude was the son of General Sir Frederick Francis Maude , VC , (1855) for service in the Crimean War , and Catherine Mary Bisshopp. Frederick Stanley Maude attended Eton College and then the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . After graduating in 1883, he joined the Coldstream Guards in February 1884 .

His first assignment abroad was from March to September 1885 in Egypt . He married Cecil Cornelia Marianne St. Leger Taylor on November 1, 1891. In the Second Boer War he took part in the rank of major from January 1900 to March 1901. For this he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Queen's South African Medal . From 1902 to 1904 he was in the service of Gilbert Murray , Governor General of Canada. Upon his return to Great Britain, he became deputy commander of the Coldstream Guards and a member of the General Staff . This was followed by promotions to Lieutenant-Colonel (1907) and Colonel (1911).

With the beginning of the First World War Maude first served as a staff officer under General William Pulteney in the III. Corps in France. In October 1914 he took command of the 14th Brigade with the rank of brigadier . A wounded in April 1915 was followed by a hospital stay at home. But as early as May Maude returned to France and was promoted to the rank of major general. He was to be transferred as a commander to the 33rd Division, which at that time was still in training in England.

But instead he came to the 13th Division in Suvla in mid-August , where the Battle of the Dardanelles had been raging since April . Maude's division had already suffered considerable losses in the failed landing at Cape Helles . After the withdrawal from Suvla Maude was transferred to Mesopotamia with the 13th Division in March 1916.

Here he just arrived at the defeat of the British-Indian troops at Kut . He was promoted to Lieutenant General and in July 1916 took command of General George Frederick Gorringe of the III. Army Corps, also called Tigris Corps . His orders were to hold the existing positions, but Maude immediately set about reorganizing and equipping his British-Indian force. At the end of July 1916 he was appointed commander of all Allied forces in Mesopotamia.

After receiving troop reinforcements and more equipment, Maude moved up the Tigris and won several victories over the Ottomans at Mohammed Abdul Hassan (January 9), Hai Salient (January 25 to February 5) and Dahra Bend (February 16) Troops. On February 23, 1917, he retook Kut, and on March 11, he took Baghdad. His so-called Proclamation of Baghdad of March 19, 1917 became world famous. From Baghdad he launched an offensive in Samarra and other activities on the Euphrates and Diyala .

In the summer of 1917 there was a break from fighting. Just when Maude launched an offensive against Ramadi and Tikrit in November , he died completely unexpectedly, probably of cholera . General William Marshall took over his command . Maude was buried in the Baghdad military cemetery and an inscription commemorates him in Brompton Cemetery in London. The British headquarters in Baghdad (→ Green Zone ) has been called Maude House since 2003 .

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personal data
SURNAME Maude, Frederick Stanley
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British general
DATE OF BIRTH June 24, 1864
PLACE OF BIRTH Gibraltar
DATE OF DEATH November 18, 1917
Place of death Baghdad