Raschel machine
The raschel machine or Raschel (formerly known as Polka machine) is a special warp knitting machine . The Raschel machine was named after the French actress Rachel , who wore clothes ( Spencer ) with a special look. At first, the Apolda company Chr. Zimmermann & Sohn produced and marketed scarves as tricot a la Rachel on a chain chair, the forerunner of the Raschel machine . Wilhelm Barfuss later used the name Raschel instead of Rachel (French: machine Rachel still today) for the machine he built.
The direction of the goods take-off on the Raschel (down) differs from that on the normal warp knitting machine (up)
Machine equipment
The basic construction is derived from the warp knitting machine, but the Raschel includes a number of additional devices that allow almost unlimited patterning of the knitted fabric .
Machines are equipped with latch needles or compound needles. The basic equipment includes:
- Two needle systems (single needle and slide bar) with tongue stop wire
- Grooving and cutting combs ( sinkers )
- two guide bars with perforated needles
The machines can be equipped with:
- a multi-digit number of guide bars
- Jacquard guide bars and so-called drop plate
- Double bar (for weft or pile thread)
Knitting process
The already knitted fabric is held in place by the containment sinkers, the needles rise, and the tongue stop wire prevents the needle heads from closing. The threads are put into the needles (through the guide bars), the needles lower, the old stitch loops are knocked off over the needle heads and thus form a new row of stitches.
Manufacture and use of the Raschel machines
Various manufacturers in the Thuringian town of Apolda were leaders in the manufacture of Raschel machines for many years, including August Förster in particular, which manufactured these machines until 1990.
A narrow specialization is typical for Raschel machines. A machine for nets made of polypropylene film (for agriculture) with 4 needles / 10cm differs significantly from the Raschel with 16 needles / cm for the production of curtain knitwear .
In between, there are a number of special structures for raschel , Rascheltüll , Raschel with weft insertion , many types of Jacquardware, elastomers , fake fur, plush , etc.
literature
- Denninger / Giese: Textile and Model Encyclopedia, ISBN 3-87150-848-9 Deutscher Fachverlag Frankfurt / Main 2006
- Maschentechnik warp and Raschel knitting, employers group Gesamttextil Frankfurt / Main 1979
Individual evidence
- ^ Hugo Glafey (Hrsg.): Textile Lexicon - concise dictionary of the entire textile industry . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart / Berlin 1937, p. 634.
- ^ Ines Wünsch: Lexicon knitting and knitting . Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-87150-909-4 , p. 190.
- ^ Paul-August Koch, Günther Satlow: Large Textile Lexicon: Specialized lexicon for the entire textile industry. Vol. L - Z Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1965, p. 221.