Warp knitting machine

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Warp knitting machine is both a collective term for all stitch-forming machines running warp sheets by the textile engineering methods work for knitted fabrics are processed, with the following three groups can be distinguished: tricot machines, raschel machines and crochet is Secondly, the term warp knitting machine commonly used for tricot warp knitting machine (Synonyms : Warp knitting machine), which will be specifically discussed below.

The warp knitting machine was developed from the hand chain chair invented by the Englishman Josiah Crane from Edmonton. The year of the invention is said to have been 1768. There are also sources that state that this device was only invented in France in 1780. The hand chain chair combined the chain of the loom with the operation of the hand roller chair . Mechanization began in 1807 with the invention of a drive shaft with lifting disks by S. Orgill. The warp knitting machines came to Germany from the middle of the 19th century, where they were further developed, especially in Saxony.

Knitting tools of a warp knitting machine

The main knitting tools (knitting elements) for stitch formation include:

  • Slider or pointed needles , arranged in a straight line in one or two systems
  • Hole needles attached to 1–4 guide bars
  • Sinkers (thin sheet metal strips between the knitting needles, with different functions)
  • some auxiliary tools such as presses for pointed needles etc. Ä.

The stitch formation process can be briefly explained with the help of the drawing (right): A stitch loop is placed on the head of the pointed needle with the aid of the perforated needle. As the needle rises, the loop to the needle shaft descends. In the meantime a new loop has been laid, the needle moves towards the press, the pressure of which closes the needle tip. The old stitch loop can be pulled up over the point and (with the help of the plate) knocked off to the finished knitted fabric .

All work items, e.g. B. needles, punch needles or inclusion sinkers are attached to bars that run over the entire width of the machine. Thus, they can only move together with the corresponding bar (needle bar, punch needle bar or locking sinker bar).

The working width of the warp knitting machines is given in English inches (unit symbol in ; 1 in = 2.54 cm). Usual working widths are 130, 136, 170, 180 and 218 in. The machine gauge, i. H. the number of needles of a needle carrier per reference length is E18 to 50, which means 18 to 50 needles per English inch. The speeds of warp knitting machines reach up to 4,400 revolutions (= rows of stitches) per minute.

The warp knitting machines are usually specialized in the manufacture of certain products. The special equipment includes, for example

  • Two guide bars for normal yarn combined with one guide bar for elastomers or
  • Machines with knitting tools for the manufacture of terry towels .

Almost exclusively filament chains are processed, production is primarily geared towards knitted fabrics for women's underwear, covers for furniture and car seats, sportswear and various nets .

literature

  • Fabia Denninger, Elke Giese: Textile and Model Lexicon . Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2006, ISBN 3-87150-848-9 .
  • Mesh technique: warp and Raschel knitting . 2nd Edition. Employers group Gesamttextil, Frankfurt am Main 1986, DNB  870612824 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marcus Oliver Weber, Klaus-Peter Weber: Knitting and knitting - technologies - bindings - production examples . 6th, completely revised and updated edition. Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2014, ISBN 978-3-86641-299-6 , p. 157.
  2. ^ Ines Wünsch: Lexicon knitting and knitting . Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2008, ISBN 978-3-87150-909-4 , p. 111.
  3. ↑ Stefan Mecheels, Herbert Vogler, Josef Kurz: Culture and industrial history of textiles . Wachter, Bönnigheim 2009, ISBN 978-3-9812485-3-1 , p. 317.
  4. ↑ Hosiery chair, Section II . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 16 . Altenburg 1863, p. 943-949 ( zeno.org ).
  5. ↑ Marcus Oliver Weber, Klaus-Peter Weber: Knitting and knitting - technologies - bindings - production examples . 6th, completely revised and updated edition. Deutscher Fachverlag, Frankfurt am Main 2014, ISBN 978-3-86641-299-6 , p. 160.