Rationalism (Soviet Union)
The rationalism (from Ladovski as Ratio architecture called) was an architectural flow in the Soviet Union between about 1918 until the mid- 1930s . Along with constructivism, it was one of the predominant directions in modern architecture in the Soviet Union in the 1920s . Unlike the Constructivists, for the new functional - constructive opportunities for the mold were decisive, the artistic-were for the rationalists kompositionierten forms and its psychological effect on people critical to the architecture.
The rationalists organized themselves in ASNOWA , and from 1928 also in ARU. Important representatives of rationalism were Nikolai Ladowski , Vladimir Krinsky and Viktor Balichin . In the architecture school WChUTEMAS this conception of architecture was taught in the United Left Workshops (OBMAS) under Nikolai Ladowski and others.
history
Rationalism emerges primarily from the commission for the synthesis of painting, architecture and sculpture (Schiwskulptarch) . The commission initially consisted of seven architects and one sculptor: Boris Koroljow . Among the architects was u. a. Nikolai Ladovsky. Koroljow wanted to transfer the design methods of cubist sculptures and sculptures into architecture.
In the twenties, the rationalists were mainly represented by the “Group of Objective Analysis” and later in the “Working Group of Architects” at INChUK . In April 1921, the architects' working group drafted a program that laid down the theoretical foundations of rationalism. In 1923 ASNOWA , the group of rationalists, was founded.
In 1928 the rationalists split up. Nikolai Ladowski and his students left ASNOWA and founded the ARU. ASNOWA continued to exist under Victor Balichin until 1932.
Positions
Ladowski called for psychological factors to be taken into account in architecture. As a teacher at WChUTEMAS there was a role of Ladowski's tasks for the students, which concerned the basic relationships of bodies in space. Tasks were, for example, the "demonstration of dynamics, rhythm, interrelationship and proportion - in the vertical" or "productive task to demonstrate mass and balance".
Important representatives
- Nikolai Ladowski, member of Schiwskulptarch and the most important representative of rationalism at WChUTEMAS and INChUK
- Wladimir Krinski, member of the Schiwskulptarch and panelist at INChUK
- Wiktor Balichin, member of ASNOWA, head of the same after Ladowski's departure
- El Lissitzky , worked on the ASNOWA magazine
- Konstantin Melnikow , who was only a brief member of ASNOWA, worked largely independently
literature
- Selim O. Chan-Magamedow: Pioneers of Soviet Architecture . VEB Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1983.