Cubist sculpture

Raymond Duchamp-Villon : Two Views of Le Cheval majeur , bronze, 1914, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston

Cubist street lamp in Prague

Jacques Lipchitz: Le cri (1928–1929), sculpture park at the Kröller-Müller Museum in Otterlo

The cubist sculpture evolved delayed for Cubism in painting from 1909. The bronze sculpture Head of a Woman (Fernande) from 1909 by Pablo Picasso , as the first cubist sculpture considered and the research as " incunabula called the Cubist sculpture". It depicts Fernande Olivier , his partner at the time . The British art historian Douglas Cooper also lists the Czech sculptor Otto Gutfreund as one of the first exponents of Cubist sculpture. However, cubist sculpture did not reach its heyday until the 1920s.

Aristide Maillol , who broke away from Rodin's painterly concepts and led the sculpture to rhythmically abstracted volumes, is considered a forerunner of cubist sculpture. The actual Cubist sculpture was carried by Picasso's reliefs and the three-dimensional works of the Russian Alexander Archipenko , the French Henri Laurens and the Lithuanian Jacques Lipchitz . Other early representatives are the German Rudolf Belling , the Romanian Constantin Brâncuși and the French Raymond Duchamp-Villon .

development

As a non-trained sculptor Picasso created between the years 1909 and 1930 sculptures that make a big impact on the sculpture should have the 20th century. Three-dimensional works accompanied his entire work and served him as a field of experimentation for his painterly work. He did not pursue his innovations , but they served as inspiration to contemporary sculptors such as the Futurists , the Dadaists and the Constructivists .

The French sculptor Henri Laurens met Braque in 1911 and began creating his paintings, collages and sculptures in the Cubist style. Another important representative is Jacques Lipchitz , whose sculptural work is influenced by Cubism. The faceted, multi-layered design inspired the Italian futurist Umberto Boccioni , who had seen the new sculptures by the Cubists in 1912 while visiting his studio in Paris. Boccioni expanded the design principle of the cubist "multi-perspective" by the factor of dynamics.

The Romanian sculptor Constantin Brâncuși , who is close to Cubism, reduced the design of his sculptures to the utmost and experimented with balance in the proportions , giving his objects a “metaphorical reference”. Hans Arp , oriented towards Cubism and Futurism, later transferred this principle to organic basic forms. Picasso applied the principle of simultaneity, which he had found in painting in nested color fields, in the multifaceted structure of his object art. In the following years, for example, Alexander Archipenko , Raymond Duchamp-Villon , Otto Freundlich and William Wauer adopted a similarly fanned out surface design.

In later years artists such as Alberto Giacometti , Willem de Kooning or Henry Moore worked with plastic methods that were based on the design principles of multiple perspectives and dynamics that were founded in Cubism.

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  Otto Gutfreund :
  Don Quixote , 1911–1912, Museum Kampa , Prague

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  Umberto Boccioni : Unique Forms of Continuity in Space , 1913, Museum of Modern Art , New York

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  Henri Laurens : Undinerna , 1934, Marabouparken, Sundbyberg, Sweden

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  Hans Arp :
  Wolkenhirt , 1953, campus of the University of Caracas

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  Henry Moore :
  Reclining , 1956, Hansaviertel , Berlin

literature

• Anne Gantführer-Trier, Uta Grosenick (Ed.): Cubism . Bags 25th anniversary special edition, 2nd edition. Taschen Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8228-2955-4 , pp. 14, 88
• Karin Thomas : Cubist Sculpture . In: Until today. Style history of the fine arts in the 20th century . DuMont, Cologne 1971 (12th edition 2004), ISBN 3-8321-1939-6 , pp. 84–86

Web links

• Gabriele Kopp-Schmidt: Picasso and the consequences: the painter as "sculptor" (PDF; 562 kB)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Quoted from Gabriele Kopp-Schmidt: Picasso and the consequences: the painter as a "sculptor" (web link)
2. ↑ Grace Glueck: Picasso Revolutionized Sculpture Too . In: The New York Times , exhibition review 1982; Retrieved July 20, 2010
3. ↑ Cubism . ( Memento of November 14, 2002 in the Internet Archive ) g26.ch, accessed February 23, 2011
4. ↑ ^{a b} quoted from Karin Thomas: Until today - styles of fine arts in the 20th century . DuMont, Cologne 1986, ISBN 3-7701-1939-8 , pp. 84-86 .

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