Predatory mites
| Predatory mites | ||||||||||||
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Arctoseius magnanalis from the family Ascidae |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Gamasina | ||||||||||||
| Leach , 1815 |
Predatory mites (Gamasina, formerly: Gamasida) are a group within the mites (Acari) belonging to the Parasitiformes group .
features
Predatory mites, like all mites, belong to the group of arachnids and originally have four pairs of legs. However, in the nymph stages of predatory mites and in many species, the number of legs is reduced. They usually only have three pairs of legs.
Use in biological pest control
As beneficial insects , predatory mites are sometimes used specifically for pest control. This is used in organic agriculture and in organic viticulture , integrated viticulture and fruit growing , since higher populations can be expected due to the limited chemical plant protection and the predatory mites can bring pests such as spider mites and curly mites under control.
In Austria, under-glass crops in vegetable and ornamental plant cultivation are also largely treated with beneficial organisms such as predatory mites in integrated plant production. For predatory mites, in Austria, as in many other EU countries, an approval procedure for plant protection products is mandatory in order to be allowed to market them as such.
The predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri is of great importance in viticulture . It is sufficiently available in vineyards when plant protection is carried out that is gentle on beneficial organisms (integrated production, organic viticulture) and can suppress harmful mites in such a way that no damage from these species or groups of species ( red spider , bean spider mite , curly mites, smallpox mites , young scale insect larvae or thrips ) the economic damage threshold. Today, plant protection products are checked for damage to beneficial insects and appropriate recommendations are made accordingly.
Systematics
The grouping, formerly known as subordination, today called cohort, is structured as follows:
Under cohort Epicriiae
- Superfamily Epicrioidea
- Family Epicriidae (4 genera, 17 species)
- Superfamily Zerconoidea
- Family Zerconidae (37 genera, 214 species)
- Family Coprozerconidae (1 species)
Subcohort Arctacariae
- Superfamily Arctacaroidea
- Family Arctacaridae (2 genera, 6 species)
Parasitiae subcohort
- Superfamily Parasitoidea
- Family Parasitidae (32 genera, 363 species)
Under cohort Dermanyssiae
- Superfamily Rhodacaroidea
- Family Ologamasidae (36 genera, 236 species)
- Family Rhodacaridae (18 genera, 63 species)
- Family Digamasellidae (5 genera, 170 species)
- Family Laelaptonyssidae (1 genus, 6 species)
- Teranyssidae family (1 species)
- Family Halolaelapidae (6 genera, 56 species) (formerly in the superfamily Ascoidea)
- Superfamily Veigaioidea
- Family Veigaiidae (4 genera, 59 species)
- Superfamily Eviphidoidea
- Family Eviphididae (15 genera, 78 species)
- Macrochelidae family (26 genera, 248 species)
- Family Pachylaelapidae (18 genera, 86 species)
- Family Parholaspididae (12 genera, 91 species)
- Superfamily Ascoidea
- Family Ascidae (39 genera, 558 species)
- Ameroseiidae family (10 genera, 64 species)
- Family Melicharidae
- Superfamily Phytoseioidea
- Family Phytoseiidae (67 genera, 2000 species)
- Family Blattisociidae
- Family Otopheidomenidae (9 genera, 18 species)
- Family Podocinidae (7 genera, 25 species)
- Superfamily Dermanyssoidea
- Family Laelapidae (134 genera, 746 species)
- Family Larvamimidae (1 genus, 4 species)
- Family Varroidae (1 genus, species 5)
- Family Dermanyssidae (5 genera, 37 species)
- Family Iphiopsididae (10 genera, 45 species) (formerly as a subfamily in Laelapidae)
- Family Hystrichonyssidae (1 species)
- Macronyssidae family (26 genera, 127 species)
- Family Rhinonyssidae (30 genera, 160 species)
- Family Spinturnicidae (13 genera, 48 species)
- Family Spelaeorhynchidae (1 genus, 5 species)
- Family Halarachnidae (7 genera, 10 species)
- Family Entonyssidae (7 genera, 9 species)
- Family Ixodorhynchidae (8 genera, 12 species)
- Dasyponyssidae family (2 genera, 2 species)
- Family Manitherionyssidae (1 species)
Web links
proof
- ↑ Horst Diedrich Mohr (Ed.): Color atlas diseases, pests and beneficial insects on the grapevine. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8001-4148-5 .
- ↑ Gerald W. Krantz, David E. Walter (Eds.): A Manual of Acarology. 3rd edition, Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock TX 2009, ISBN 978-0-89672-620-8 , pp. 138-157.
- ↑ Wolfgang Karg: Acari (Acarina), Mitben Parasitiformes (Anactinochaeta), Cohors Gamasina Leach, predatory mites (= The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life. Tl. 59). 2nd, revised edition. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1993, ISBN 3-334-60445-4 .