Rough timothy grass

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Timothy grass
Illustration of the timothy timothy (Phleum paniculatum, Syn .: Phleum asperum, left, Fig. 1)

Illustration of the timothy timothy ( Phleum paniculatum , Syn .: Phleum asperum , left, Fig. 1)

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Timothy grass ( phleum )
Type : Timothy grass
Scientific name
Phleum paniculatum
Huds.

Rough timothy ( Phleum paniculatum ), also called panicle timothy , is a species of timothy grass ( Phleum ) and thus the family of sweet grasses (Poaceae).

description

The rough timothy grass is an annual grass that grows in tufts and the stalks are erect or kneeling and can reach heights of 6–40 centimeters. The rungs are mostly branched at the base, the stalks have 3–6 knots. The top limb takes up about half the length of the stem. The nodes are bare. The leaf sheaths are grooved and rough, the top one is slightly puffed up. The ligule is a 1.5-3 millimeter long, pointed or rounded, membranous edge. The leaf blades are 4-15 inches long and 3-8 millimeters wide, rough over the ribs and spiky on the edges. The flower panicle is dense, cylindrical, 3–10 centimeters long and 4–6 millimeters wide and lobed when bent. The spikelets are single-flowered and (including the awns) 2–2.6 millimeters long. The glumes are three-veined, widened wedge-shaped upwards, cut off at the upper end and suddenly contracted into a 0.3–0.6 millimeter long awn. The lemma is five annoying, 1.2-1.4 mm long and rounded at the top. The palea is two-veined. The anthers are 0.4-0.6 millimeters long.

The flowering period is May to July.

The chromosome number is 2n = 28.

distribution

The distribution area of ​​the timothy grass reaches from Central and Southern Europe to Japan. In Germany the species is mostly inconsistent. In the Alps, the species rises to around 900 meters above sea level.

ecology

The timothy grass grows in Central Europe in weed communities of the lower elevations, on paths, vineyards and fields, also on wall crowns on summer-warm, moderately dry, nutrient-rich and base-rich, low-humus, mild-neutral, light, mostly sandy loamy soils. It is a species of the class Chenopodietea, but also occurs in societies of the Secalietea class.

Taxonomy

The timothy grass was developed by William Hudson in Fl. Angl .: 23 (1762) first described. Synonyms for Phleum paniculatum Huds. are Phleum asperum Jacq. , Phalaris paniculata (Huds.) Aiton , Chilochloa paniculata (Huds.) P.Beauv. and Phleum viride All.

natural reserve

In Germany, according to a red list, the species is one of the species threatened with extinction. In Switzerland it is one of the endangered species.

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert: Phleum paniculatum . In: Gustav Hegi : Illustrated flora of Central Europe . 3rd ed., Volume I, Part 3, pages 204-205. Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin, Hamburg, 1987. ISBN 3-489-52320-2 (description, distribution, ecology)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 257 .
  2. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Phleum paniculatum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 26, 2020.

Web links