Rough-stalked arable
| Rough-stalked arable | ||||||||||||
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Raustieliger Ackerling ( Agrocybe pediades ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Agrocybe pediades | ||||||||||||
| ( Fr .: Fr.) Fayod |
The rough-stalked , hemispherical or dry arable ( Agrocybe pediades , Syn. A. semiorbicularis ) is a type of fungus that predominantly colonizes grassy areas.
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting body has a 1 to 3.5 cm large, hemispherical to flattened, seldom slightly hunched hat, which in young specimens has a sticky, dark brown hat skin when moist. It fades ocher-yellow when dry. Occasionally younger mushrooms show fleeting remains of velum on the edge of the hat. The lamellae are broadly attached to the stem, only slightly rounded and are quite close. When young, pale ocher, they finally have a dark brown color with whitish edges. The stem is 3 to 6 cm long, fibrous and rough, hollow when old and often has a small-bulbous stem base with up to 3 cm long mycelium strands . The ocher-colored surface is finely spun to clearly grainy structured. The meat smells of flour or cucumber.
Microscopic features
Usually 2, but also 2 to 4 or almost exclusively 4 spores mature on the basidia . The elliptical, usually quite wide to oval and thick-walled spores are slightly flattened laterally and have a thick wall. They are 10.5–20 µm long and 7.5–12.5 µm wide - the size depends on the number of sterigms on the basidia. The spores show a truncated germ pore up to 2 mm wide . The lamellar edges are densely covered with 20–45 (54) µm long cheilocystidia . They look bottle-shaped, often head-shaped at the tip, less often slender, utriform. In contrast, there are no or only sporadic cystids on the lamellar surfaces. They usually have a utriform habit or the same size and shape as the cheilocystidia.
Ecology and phenology
The rough-stalked arable colonizes lawns, pastures, meadows as well as poor and dry grasslands. But it can also occur on the edges of forests and roads. The fungus colonizes both nutrient-poor and nitrogen-rich habitats and does not stop at human-influenced, disturbed places such as fields, heaths and dunes. The species prefers loamy or sandy soils over limestone or silicate rock.
The fruiting bodies appear mainly from May to September, stragglers can be found well into November, and in warm regions they can appear almost all year round.
distribution
The Rough-stemmed arable is widespread in Europe from Scandinavia to Italy and in North America (e.g. California, Ontario, Quebec) and is widespread worldwide, also known from Australia and New Zealand and Asia.
Systematics
The taxon was first described as Agaricus pediades by the Swedish mycologist Elias Magnus Fries in 1821 . In 1889 Victor Fayod assigned the species to the genus Agrocybe .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Agrocybe pediades. In: GBIF Portal. Global Biodiversity Information Facility, accessed July 31, 2011 .
- ↑ a b c d Erhard Ludwig: Descriptions. The smaller genera of macromycetes with a lamellar hymenophore from the orders Agaricales, Boletales and Polyporales . In: Mushroom Compendium . tape 1 . IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 978-3-930167-43-2 (758 pages, German with English summaries, 17 × 24 cm, contains 20 new taxa and 13 new combinations).
- ↑ Bruno Hennig, Hans Kreisel, Edmund Michael: Blattpilze - Dunkelblättler . In: Handbook for mushroom lovers . 2nd Edition. tape 4 . VEB Gustav Fischer, Jena 1981.
- ↑ Michael Kuo: Agrocybe pediades. In: MushroomExpert.com. September 2006, accessed August 26, 2011 .
- ↑ Agrocybe pediades. (No longer available online.) In: Rogers Mushrooms. Rogers Plants Ltd., archived from the original on December 30, 2010 ; Retrieved August 26, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Agrocybe pediades. (No longer available online.) In: GlobalTwitcher.com. Archived from the original on February 3, 2016 ; Retrieved August 26, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ GBIF
- ↑ Elias Magnus Fries : Agaricus pediades . In: Systema Mycologicum . tape 1 , 1821, p. 290 .
- ^ Victor Fayod: Prodrome d'une histoire naturelle des Agaricinés . In: Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique . tape 9 , 1889, pp. 358 .
