Arable crops
| Arable crops | ||||||||||||
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Early Ackerling ( Agrocybe praecox ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Agrocybe | ||||||||||||
| Fayod |
The arable crops ( Agrocybe ), sometimes also called Erdschüpplinge , are a genus of the family relatives (Strophariaceae). They are mushrooms with small to medium-sized, fleshy fruiting bodies . They feature convex hats, wide slats, and pale stems. The genus includes around 50 species, all of which feed on dead plant tissue as saprobionts . The fruiting bodies are therefore mostly found in the fields, meadows, parking areas, compost heaps or, more rarely, on dead wood. The genus is distributed all over the world.
The type species is the early fieldling ( Agrocybe praecox ).
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting bodies of arable crops are small or medium-sized, stalked mushrooms with at least initially domed hats and lamellae. The surface of the hat is dry, matt to slightly sticky. The mostly wide lamellae are bulged or just attached to the stem. The stalk is pale or whitish in young fruiting bodies. With age it usually turns dark from the base upwards. Occasionally it has root-like rhizoids at the base ; a species, the sclerotia or tailed Ackerling ( A. arvalis ), forms sclerotia . Some species have a velum partiale , which later remains as a ring on the stem; however, none of the species has a volva . The spore print of the crops is gray-brown, dark purple-brown or tobacco-colored.
Microscopic features
The cap skin of the arable crops consists of pear-shaped or spherical cells. The hyphae usually have buckles , the trama of the lamellae has a regular structure. All species have cheilo- and almost always pleurocystidia as well . Their spores are elliptical or egg-shaped, have a smooth surface and a germ pore of different sizes.
Ecology and occurrence
Farmlings are saprobionts and feed on dead plant tissue. Most species break down the components of dead grass and can therefore be found on lawns, meadows or stubble fields. The genus is distributed worldwide with the exception of the Arctic.
species
The arable crops comprise around 50 species. 25 species occur in Europe or are to be expected there.
| Farmlings ( Agrocybe ) in Europe |
Raustieliger Ackerling
Agrocybe pediades
Falber Ackerling
Agrocybe putaminum
White arable Agrocybe dura
Wrinkled fieldling Agrocybe rivulosa
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Systematics
Some species of the genus with a reduced germ pore were separated and placed in the genus Cyclocybe , including the southern and liver-brown arable .
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Victor Fayod: Prodrome d'une histoire naturelle des Agaricinés . In: Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Botanique . 7e Série, Vol. 9, 1889, ZDB -ID 562-9 , p. 181-411 .
- ↑ Eric Strittmatter: The genus "Agrocybe". In: fungiworld.com. July 7, 2008, accessed July 30, 2012 .
- ↑ Nicolás Niveiro, Marina Uhart, Edgardo Albertó: Revision of the genera Agrocybe and Cyclocybe (Strophariaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Argentina . In: Rodriguésia . tape 71 , 2020, ISSN 2175-7860 , p. e02272018 , doi : 10.1590 / 2175-7860202071038 ( scielo.br [accessed on May 28, 2020]).
