Formerly arable

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Formerly arable
Agrocybe praecox.jpg

Early Ackerling ( Agrocybe praecox )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Trussling relatives (Strophariaceae)
Genre : Arable crops ( Agrocybe )
Type : Formerly arable
Scientific name
Agrocybe praecox
( Pers  .: Fr. ) Fayod

The early Ackerling ( Agrocybe praecox ) is an edible mushroom from the family of the Strophariaceae relatives . It is also called the leading arable or spring arable .

features

Macroscopic features

The fruiting bodies appear sociable. The fully grown hat is thin and measures 3 to 7, rarely up to 10 centimeters in diameter. It spreads from an initially hemispherical to a finally flat shape and often has a hump. Its surface is smooth, tears open when dry and changes its appearance with humidity ( hygrophanity ): dry it is cream-colored to almost whitish and when wet it is light brown in color, yellowish in the middle. There are sometimes remains of the veil hanging on the edge of the hat and it sometimes tears when it is dry. The lamellae stand tightly and mixed in, are bulged and grown down on the handle and have curved, wavy edges. On the young fruiting body they are pale and change color to light gray-brown as the spores ripen and sometimes also have a purple hue. The stem becomes 4 to 7 centimeters high, is essentially cylindrical and thickly shaped at the base and hollow or stuffed. On the handle there is an ephemeral, membranous, hanging, white ring made of remnants of a partial cover ( Velum partiale ). It often ends in thick, white mycelium strands ( rhizomorphs ). The tender, whitish flesh has an unharmed smell that is reminiscent of cocoa and, when squeezed, smells rancid, flour-like to cucumber-like. It tastes a bit floury and sometimes slightly bitter.

Microscopic features

The spores are egg-shaped, with a large, central germ pore , measure 9-10 by 5-6 micrometers and are gray-brown in color.

Species delimitation

A dangerous possibility of confusion exists with white funnel Lingen as the lethal toxic field Trichterling ( Clitocybe dealbata ), the meadow ( Clitocybe agrestis ), the heath ( Clitocybe ericetorum ), the Wachsstieligen ( Clitocybe candicans ), the Rinnigbereiften ( Clitocybe rivulosa ) and the Lead-white firnis funnel ( Clitocybe phyllophila ). It can be confused with the coronet ( Stropharia coronilla ) or the scaly wedge ( Stropharia squamosa ), which are each slightly poisonous. The also edible white fieldling ( Agrocybe dura ) has very similar fruiting bodies. They are a little thinner and whiter at a young age, but may only be clearly distinguishable under the microscope. The rather rare Falbe arable Ling ( Agrocybe putaminum ) has coarser fruiting bodies without a ring and a velvety in dry, frosted appearing hat surface. Also the recently immigrated arable arable ( Agrocybe rivulosa ), as well as some other, mostly smaller arable crops, can be confused.

Distribution and ecology

The early Ackerling lives in light forests, gardens and parks, for example along paths and wood storage areas, as a saprobiont of dead plant remains, especially dead wood . It usually forms its fruiting bodies in clusters from May to July. Fruit bodies also appear very rarely in autumn.

Systematics and taxonomy

Agrocybe praecox represents the type species of the genus of arable crops ( Agrocybe ).

The official first description comes from the work "Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur Icones" by Jacob Christian Schäffer , published in 1774 , who referred to him there as " Agaricus candicans " or "whitish meadow sponge". The current name was sanctioned by Elias Magnus Fries in 1821 and goes back to the 1801 work "Synopsis methodica fungorum" by Christian Hendrik Persoon . In 1889 Victor Fayod assigned the species to the genus Agrocybe . The type epithet is a Latin masculine adjective that means "prematurely".

meaning

Ingredients, composition

Manganese peroxidase is found in the fruit bodies . Its excellent ability to decompose lignin is mainly due to this enzyme.

use

It is edible and is used as an edible mushroom . It has no particular reputation for its food value; it tastes bitter when uncooked.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 , p. 312.
  2. Markus Flück: Which mushroom is that? 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-440-11561-9 , pp. 257 .
  3. Fredi Kasparek: Early Ackerling, Advancing Ackerling - Agrocybe praecox (PERS. 1801: FR. 1821) FAJOD 1889. In: natur-in-nrw.de. 2008, accessed March 26, 2012 .
  4. ^ Jacob Christian Schäffer: Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur Icones . tape 3 , 1774, pp. Plate CCVII .
  5. ^ D. Christian Hendrik Persoon: Synopsis methodica fungorum . sistens enumerationem omnium huc usque detectarum specierum, cum brevibus descriptionibus nec non synonymis et observationibus selectis. Ed .: Henricum Dieterich. Gottingae 1801 (Latin, bnf.fr ).
  6. ^ Victor Fayod: Prodrome d'une histoire naturelle des Agaricinés . In: Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique . tape 9 , no. 7 . Paris 1889, p. 358 (French, csic.es ).
  7. ^ Agrocybe praecox (Pers.) Fayod 1889. In: Mycobank. International Mycological Association, accessed March 26, 2012 .
  8. KT Steffen, M. Hofrichter, A. Hatakka: Mineralization of 14 C-labeled synthetic lignin and ligninolytic enzyme activities of litter-decomposing basidiomycetous fungi . In: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology . tape 54 , no. 6 . Springer, December 16, 2000, ISSN  0175-7598 , p. 819-825 , doi : 10.1007 / s002530000473 (English).

Web links

Commons : Formerly Ackerling ( Agrocybe praecox )  - collection of images, videos and audio files