White arable
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White fieldling ( Agrocybe dura ) |
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| Agrocybe dura | ||||||||||||
| ( Bolton : Fr. ) Singer |
The white or cracked Ackerling ( Agrocybe dura , Syn .: A. molesta ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the Trümmling relatives .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat reaches a diameter of 3–7 (-10) cm. At first it is almost hemispherical in shape, later it becomes flat convex and has a bent edge. In old age it is spread out flat. The color ranges from cream-whitish to light ocher-yellow. In poorly protected locations, it can also turn leathery-yellow. The surface is smooth, but often cracked open. In damp weather it is a bit greasy. The edge of the hat is bent for a long time and hung with a puffy-skinned velum . The initially beige-tinted slats are later colored earth-brown. They are attached to the hat and are typically bulbous (which gives the hat an elliptical shape in longitudinal section ). The stem becomes 4–8 cm long and 5–10 mm thick. It is whitish in color and becomes a little brownish towards the base with age. A weakly developed ring zone is volatile. If the entire velum gets stuck on the hat, there is sometimes no ring at all. The flesh is whitish. It smells inconspicuously mushroom and slightly floury when squeezed; the taste is also slightly floury.
Microscopic features
The spores measure 10-14 x 6.5-7.5 micrometers. The vesical to utriform cheilo-cystidia measure 15-25 micrometers in width.
Species delimitation
The more common leading arable ( Agrocybe praecox ) can look very similar. It grows in open spaces or in the forest, likes to grow on wooden shells or buried wood and likes to be sociable to tufted. It smells much more intense than the white arable: cocoa-like on the lamellae, when squeezed and, especially with age, very floury to rancid. Its velum typically remains on the stem as a membranous cuff , but can also hang on the edge of the hat, as with the white fieldling, or it can already be absent. The leading arable is quite variable in size, color and shape. His hat is whitish light yellow to dark ocher brown, from petite and quite small to very large (up to 20 cm) and strong, even with rough cracks (especially in dry, open locations). The hat shape is less uniformly elliptical in profile, but can also be humped or triangular, and the leading arable is not so long-stemmed, the ratio of stem length to hat width is usually smaller.
The meadow mushroom ( Agaricus campestris ) occurs at the same time in identical locations, but has pink lamellae when young and chocolate-brown lamellae with no gray tones when old, and it is much larger and stronger.
Ecology and phenology
The White Ackerling loves light and drought ( heliophile and xerophile ). It likes to grow on limestone grasslands, fat and other meadows as well as on roadsides and roadsides. Basic to neutral, mostly loamy soils are preferred. The species is moderately to significantly tolerant of nitrogen.
The fruiting bodies appear from late spring to summer. They are only rarely found in autumn.
distribution
The white arable is common in North America (USA), Europe, North Africa ( Canary Islands , Morocco) and East Asia (East Siberia, Japan). In Europe, the area extends from Spain to the north to the Hebrides via France and Denmark to Sweden and Russia and south to Sardinia, Italy and Romania. In Germany, the fungus, like the leading arable, is widespread, but much rarer.
Systematics
There is a variety xanthophylla that has slightly more yellowish lamellae due to more strongly pigmented cheilocystids . Because of this marginal difference to the type, the legitimacy of this taxon has been questioned by some authors. Specimens with torn hat skin are sometimes referred to as form cutefracta . However, this appearance is not a deviation from the normal shape.
meaning
The White Ackerling is a relatively tasty edible mushroom . It contains the antibiotic agrocybin.
swell
literature
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
Individual evidence
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 .
