Real contract

A real contract (also: Real contract ; lat. Contractus re ) is a contract , only one in the obligation to return comes about when in addition to the agreement of the parties a tangible devotion as Realakt should occur. The contract is concluded when the item is handed over .

Characteristic real contracts were the loan ( mutuum ), the custody ( depositum ), the loan ( commodatum ) and the pledge ( pignus ).

The obligatio re contracta goes back to the later republic .

history

The Roman law distinguished the real contract of consensual , who was not bound by any tangible devotion, the Litteralvertrag , which depended on a book in the house book and the verbal contract , which was tied to a word formula.

Explanations on the real contract can be found in the institutions of the high-class lawyer Gaius , who also carried out the obligations ( obligatio ) within the law of things ( res ) . The contract constituted a lawful culpable fact , whereby "every obligation from contract or offense" arose.

The idea of the real contract, however, is even older, so the šubanti documents in ancient Babylonian times can be assigned to this type. In today's German law, the real contract is no longer known. The Austrian ABGB , on the other hand, has adopted the regulation of Roman law. The loan agreement, the custody agreement and the junk contract ( contractus aestimatorius ) are real contracts. The requirement to “hand over” the service for the loan agreement was abolished in 2010.

literature

Herbert Hausmaninger , Walter Selb : Römisches Privatrecht , Böhlau, Vienna 1981 (9th edition 2001) (Böhlau study books) ISBN 3-205-07171-9 , p. 224 f.
Heinrich Honsell : Roman law. 5th edition, Springer, Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-540-42455-5 , p. 102.

Individual evidence

^ Max Kaser : Roman private law . 15th, improved edition. 1989. ISBN 3-406-33726-0 . § 38 II 1a; P. 179.
↑ ^a ^b Christian Grüneberg. In: Palandt . BGB , 67th, revised edition. Munich. 2008. ISBN 978-3406565915 . Before § 311 BGB marg. 3.
↑ Uwe Wesel : History of the law. From the early forms to the present . 3rd revised and expanded edition. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-47543-4 . P. 213 ff. (219).
^ Heinrich Honsell : Roman law. 5th edition, Springer, Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-540-42455-5 , p. 102.
↑ Digest 46,3,80.
↑ Max Kaser : Roman legal sources and applied legal method. in: Research on Roman Law. Volume 36. Verlag Böhlau, Vienna, Cologne, Graz, 1986. ISBN 3-205-05001-0 . P. 160 ff.
^ Max Kaser: Roman private law . 15th, improved edition. 1989. ISBN 3-406-33726-0 . § 38 II 1d; P. 180.
^ Herbert Hausmaninger , Walter Selb : Römisches Privatrecht , Böhlau, Vienna 1981 (9th edition 2001) (Böhlau-Studien-Bücher) ISBN 3-205-07171-9 , p. 224 f.
↑ Gaius 3, 89 ff., 128, 135 ff.
↑ Ulrike Köbler, Werden, Wandel und Wesen des German private law vocabulary , 2010, p. 169 f.
^ Gaius: Institutiones , 3, 88.
^ Helmut Koziol / Rudolf Welser / Andreas Kletečka: Civil law . 15th edition. tape 1 . Many, Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-214-14710-5 , pp. Margin no. 572 .

[1] Max Kaser : Roman private law . 15th, improved edition. 1989. ISBN 3-406-33726-0 . § 38 II 1a; P. 179.

[palandt-2] Christian Grüneberg. In: Palandt . BGB , 67th, revised edition. Munich. 2008. ISBN 978-3406565915 . Before § 311 BGB marg. 3.

[3] Uwe Wesel : History of the law. From the early forms to the present . 3rd revised and expanded edition. Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-47543-4 . P. 213 ff. (219).

[4] Heinrich Honsell : Roman law. 5th edition, Springer, Zurich 2001, ISBN 3-540-42455-5 , p. 102.

[5] Digest 46,3,80.

[6] Max Kaser : Roman legal sources and applied legal method. in: Research on Roman Law. Volume 36. Verlag Böhlau, Vienna, Cologne, Graz, 1986. ISBN 3-205-05001-0 . P. 160 ff.

[7] Max Kaser: Roman private law . 15th, improved edition. 1989. ISBN 3-406-33726-0 . § 38 II 1d; P. 180.

[Selb-8] Herbert Hausmaninger , Walter Selb : Römisches Privatrecht , Böhlau, Vienna 1981 (9th edition 2001) (Böhlau-Studien-Bücher) ISBN 3-205-07171-9 , p. 224 f.

[9] Gaius 3, 89 ff., 128, 135 ff.

[10] Ulrike Köbler, Werden, Wandel und Wesen des German private law vocabulary , 2010, p. 169 f.

[11] Gaius: Institutiones , 3, 88.

[12] Helmut Koziol / Rudolf Welser / Andreas Kletečka: Civil law . 15th edition. tape 1 . Many, Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-214-14710-5 , pp. Margin no. 572 .