Reelin

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Reelin
Reelin
Ribbon model of the Reelin fragment from mouse (AS 1222–1597) according to PDB  2DDU

Existing structural data : 2ddu , 2e26

Properties of human protein
Mass / length primary structure 3435 amino acids; 386 kDa
Isoforms 2
Identifier
Gene names RELN  ; RL
External IDs
Enzyme classification
EC, category 3.4.21. ,  Serine protease
Occurrence
Parent taxon Euteleostomi
Orthologue
human mouse
Entrez 5649 19699
Ensemble ENSG00000189056 ENSMUSG00000042453
UniProt P78509 Q148P9
Refseq (mRNA) NM_005045 NM_011261
Refseq (protein) NP_005036 NP_035391
Gene locus Chr 7: 102.9 - 103.42 Mb Chr 5: 21.4 - 21.86 Mb
PubMed search 5649 19699

Reelin is a glycoprotein that is involved in the differentiation and migration of neurons in the mammalian CNS .

It is of decisive importance, for example, for the maturation of the hippocampus , where the sharp stratification of different neurons is essential for its functionality. There it is formed by Cajal-Rezius cells. For Reelin previously two are receptors known that were previously only of the lipid - metabolism knew. One is the apolipoprotein receptor 2 (APOER2) and the other is the very low density lipoprotein (VLDLR) receptor . Very little is known about the differences between the two.

In reelin knock-out mice ( Reeler mice ), although viable, the unguided cell migration can be clearly seen in sections of the hippocampus and neocortex, which can be partially directed again in co-cultures with reelin-producing hippocampi.

Schematic representation of the Reelin protein.

Clinical significance

Disorders of the Reelin availability are associated with the following diseases:

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lissencephaly syndrome, Norman-Roberts type. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
  2. ↑ a b c K. Ishii, KI Kubo, K. Nakajima: Reelin and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. In: Frontiers in cellular neuroscience. Vol. 10, 2016, p. 229, doi : 10.3389 / fncel.2016.00229 , PMID 27803648 , PMC 5067484 (free full text) (review)
  3. ↑ E. Dazzo, M. Fanciulli, E. Serioli, G. Minervini, P. Pulitano, S. Binelli, C. Di Bonaventura, C. Luisi, E. Pasini, S. Striano, P. Striano, G. Coppola, A. Chiavegato, S. Radovic, A. Spadotto, S. Uzzau, A. La Neve, AT Giallonardo, O. Mecarelli, SC Tosatto, R. Ottman, R. Michelucci, C. Nobile: Heterozygous reelin mutations cause autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy. In: American Journal of Human Genetics . Vol. 96, No. 6, June 2015, pp. 992–1000, doi : 10.1016 / j.ajhg.2015.04.020 , PMID 26046367 , PMC 4457960 (free full text).
  4. ↑ A. Botella-López, F. Burgaya, R. Gavín, MS García-Ayllón, E. Gómez-Tortosa, J. Peña-Casanova, JM Ureña, JA Del Río, R. Blesa, E. Soriano, J. Sáez -Valero: Reelin expression and glycosylation patterns are altered in Alzheimer's disease. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Vol. 103, No. 14, April 2006, pp. 5573-5578, doi : 10.1073 / pnas.0601279103 , PMID 16567613 , PMC 1414634 (free full text).

literature

Forster, E. et al. (2006): Laminating the hippocampus. In: Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 7 (4): 259-267. PMID 16543914 doi: 10.1038 / nrn1882 PDF

Web links

Commons : Reelin  - collection of images, videos and audio files