Temporal lobe epilepsy

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Classification according to ICD-10
G40.2 Localization-related (focal) (partial) symptomatic epilepsy and epileptic syndromes with complex partial seizures
ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019)

The temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE; also temporal lobe epilepsy or psychomotor epilepsy ) is the most common type of focal epilepsy with onset of seizures from temporal lobe (temporal lobe) from.

definition

The term was defined in 1985 by the International League Against Epilepsy as a disease with typical recurring seizures without recognizable triggers, which originate in the medial or lateral temporal lobe. These are simple focal seizures with no loss of consciousness and complex seizures with loss of consciousness.

pathology

In the majority of cases there is neuropathologically a mesial temporal sclerosis , the hippocampus , the adjacent cerebral convolutions and the tonsil nucleus are changed .

distribution

Temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy, it first occurs between the ages of 5 and 10.

Classification

Depending on the localization of the epileptic focus, a distinction can be made:

  • Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) , most common form, focus in the hippocampus, the entorhinal area or the amygdala
  • Lateral temporal lobe epilepsy (lTLE or nTLE) , focus in the temporal neocortex

root cause

Possible causes are:

Clinical manifestations

Clinical criteria are:

therapy

Drug treatment attempts can be made with valproate, carbamazepine or phenytoin. Since drug treatment is difficult, epilepsy surgery is an option if therapy is resistant.

history

The first description comes from 1881 by John Hughlings Jackson .

See also

literature

  • M. Treier, S. Doostkam, S. Meckel: The extraventricular neurocytoma. A rare cause of temporal lobe epilepsy . In: RöFo . Advances in the field of X-rays and nuclear medicine . tape 183 , no. 11 , November 2011, p. 1065-1066 , doi : 10.1055 / s-0031-1281716 , PMID 21915811 .
  • C. Helmstaedter, CE Elger: Chronic temporal lobe epilepsy: a neurodevelopmental or progressively dementing disease? In: Brain . A journal of neurology . tape 132 , no. 10 , October 2009, p. 2822-2830 , doi : 10.1093 / brain / awp182 , PMID 19635728 (English).
  • H. Stefan, KE Eberhardt, E. Pauli, I. Schäfer, W. Paulus, B. Kasper, F. Kerling, P. Hopp, BF Tomandl, M. Buchfelder, WJ Huk: Imaging procedures in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy Comparison of MR Volumetry and multivoxel MR spectroscopy to assess the postoperative prognosis. Comparison of MR volumetry and multivoxel MR spectroscopy to assess the postoperative prognosis . In: The neurologist . tape 72 , no. 2 , February 2001, p. 130-135 , PMID 11256147 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ NINDS
  2. ↑ a b c Entry on temporal lobe epilepsy in the Flexikon , a Wiki of the DocCheck company
  3. ↑ a b c d e emedicine
  4. ↑ Infantile mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with severe cognitive regression. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
  5. ↑ Temporal lobe epilepsy, mesial, familial form. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
  6. ↑ Temporal lobe epilepsy, mesial, with febrile convulsions, familial form. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
  7. ↑ Temporal lobe epilepsy, lateral, autosomal dominant. In: Orphanet (Rare Disease Database).
  8. ^ DocCheck Medical Services GmbH: Temporal lobe epilepsy - DocCheck Flexikon. Retrieved April 23, 2018 .

Web links