Encephalomalacia
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| I63.4 | Embolic encephalomalacia |
| I61.9 | Hemorrhagic encephalomalacia |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
The Encephalomalacia (from Greek ἐγκέφαλον enképhalon , German , brain ' and malacia ) is a partially or complete softening of the brain due to a colliquative necrosis.
pathology
This is usually due to an infarct- related anoxia with the following apoplexy , from which colliquation necrosis develops after 13 weeks. Usually an ischemic ( Latin encephalomalacia alba ), less often a hemorrhagic infarction (Encephalomalacia rubra) is present.
Other causes such as trauma are less common.
Localized necrosis can lead to a scar with glial cells .
In premature infants there may be a form of cystic Encephalomalacia that the white matter is limited, the periventricular leukomalacia .
root cause
Most common cause of encephalomalacia is the occlusion of a cerebral vessel, by embolism , atherosclerosis .
The progressive paralysis (progressive paralysis) in neurolues , which is rare nowadays , was popularly referred to as "softening of the brain".
In sheep and goat lambs, congenital encephalomalacia occurs as a result of the decreased strength of the brain vessels. Encephalmalacia can occur in pigs due to the ingestion of Aeschynomene indica (Indian mushroom), a weed that is particularly common in rice fields. The polioencephalomalacia of cattle as a result of thiamine deficiency is also associated with a Encephalomalacia.
Clinical manifestations
Different neurological failures occur depending on the affected brain section .
diagnosis
The diagnosis is made by imaging, depending on age, using sonography or magnetic resonance imaging .
literature
- P. Reimer, PM Parizel, F.-A. Stichnoth (Editor): Clinical MR Imaging. A practical approach. Springer, 2nd edition 2006, ISBN 3-540-31530-6
- DP McMullen, P. Rosenberg, J. Cheng, GS Smith, C. Lyketsos, WS Anderson: Bilateral Cortical Encephalomalacia in a Patient Implanted With Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation for Alzheimer's Disease: A Case Report. In: Alzheimer's disease and associated disorders. Vol. 30, No. 1, 2016 Jan-Mar, pp. 70-72, doi: 10.1097 / WAD.0000000000000095 , PMID 25850733 , PMC 4592682 (free full text).
- R. Love, A. Lee, A. Matiasek, W. Carter, M. Ylagan: Prenatal diagnosis of fetal encephalomalacia after maternal diabetic ketoacidosis. In: AJP reports. Vol. 4, No. 2, November 2014, pp. E97 – e100, doi: 10.1055 / s-0034-1395990 , PMID 25452892 , PMC 4239142 (free full text).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Entry on encephalomalacia in Flexikon , a wiki of the DocCheck company
- ↑ Duden
- ↑ a b Willibald Pschyrembel : Clinical Dictionary , 266th, updated edition, de Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-033997-0, keyword encephalomalacia
- ↑ RV Phadke, V. Agarwal, S. Naik: Multicystic encephalomalacia secondary to head trauma. In: Journal of neurosciences in rural practice. Vol. 8, No. 1, 2017 Jan-Mar, pp. 158–159, doi: 10.4103 / 0976-3147.193528 , PMID 28149115 , PMC 5225714 (free full text).
- ↑ Enzyklo.de German Encyclopedia
- ↑ Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Achim Dieter Gruber: Special pathology for veterinary medicine . Georg Thieme, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 9783830411741
