Reform of the Bulgarian spelling from 1945
The 1945 Bulgarian spelling reform was enacted by law on February 27th. After an earlier reform approach adopted under Education Minister Stojan Omartschewski in August 1923 failed to prevail, the aim was to improve the spelling of the Bulgarian language by removing the big and small he at the end of the word ( Ъ or Ь ; in Russian as hardness and soft sign known, large and small does not refer to upper and lower case, both are independent characters, each with its own upper and lower case) and the abolition of the Jat (ѣ) and the large Jus (ѫ) to simplify. There are 30 letters left in the modern Bulgarian alphabet , all of which are also represented in the modern Russian alphabet .
The large (he Goliam) and small It (he Malak) referred to in the pre-Slavic short vowels [ ŭ ] and [ i ] . At the end of the word, they fell silent in Bulgarian and have not been written since the reform. The big word He remains in the interior as a vowel letter [ ɐ ] get the little He only after consonants letters in the combination ьо [ ø ] that the Russian and Belarusian vowel letters ё equivalent. Instead, йо [ jo ] appears at the beginning of the word and after vowel letters . One inconsistency is that ъ there could not remain standing at the end of words where auslautendes [ ɐ ] was spoken. In Wortauslaut is [ ɐ ] Therefore - even against the etymology - with а (or я) playing, the other is [a], z. B. [ ʧɛˈtɐ ] 'I read' (before 1945: четѫ) is not written четъ, but чета.
The Jat was a long vowel [ æː ] in Ur-Slavonic . In the 13th century, a language border developed that runs from Nikopol via Pirdop and Pazardzhik to Goze Deltschew . In the densely populated western part of the modern Bulgarian language area with the capital Sofia , the Jat as in neighboring Macedonia and torlakischen as language areas [ ɛ ] pronounced (Ekane) , the spatially extended the eastern part of it, depending on the position in the word and the To have sound value [ ʲa ] (jakane) . The reform made the eastern Jakane pronunciation the basis of the written language norm. Since then, я has been written instead of Jat in a stressed position . Only in an unstressed position or if a syllable follows with one of the vowels е , и or я or one of the consonants ж , ч , ш or й , is е instead.
The capital Jus (goljam jus) stood in the Ur-Slavonic for a nasal vowel [ ɔ̃ ]. His pronunciation coincided with that of the great Er. With the reform it was replaced by the great he. Since then, the big he can also be at the beginning of a word, for example in the word ъгъл - previously ѫгълъ - 'corner, angle'.
See also
Russian spelling reform of 1918
literature
- W. Kröter: The reform of the Bulgarian orthography, 1945. In: Journal for Phonetics and General Linguistics 7 (1953), pp. 409-410. - ISSN 0323-6498
- Wolf Oschlies: Bulgaria's cultural development 1944–1975. Part 1. Cologne: Federal Institute for Eastern and International Studies, 1976 (reports from the Federal Institute for Eastern and International Studies 1976/1), pp. 15–18
- Wolf Oschlies: Mass Media and Language Culture. In: Klaus-Detlev Grothusen (Hrsg.): Südosteuropa-Handbuch. Volume 6: Bulgaria. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1990, pp. 567-589, here p. 585. - ISBN 3-525-36206-4