Ё
The Jo ( Ё and ё ) is the seventh letter of the Russian alphabet, consisting of an Е with a trema . Depending on its position in the word , it is pronounced as / jo / , / ʲo / , but also / ʲø / and / o / . Syllables that contain Ё are always stressed ; see also → Russian Phonetics # Vowels in stressed syllables .
On October 18, 1783, one of the first meetings of the Academy of Russian Literature took place in Saint Petersburg , attended by many leading writers and philologists of the time. It is considered to be the birth of the letter Ё after the President of the Academy Ekaterina Voronzowa-Dashkova proposed it. Ё first appeared in the press in 1795. On December 24, 1942, the People's Commissar for Education ordered the mandatory use of the letter Ё in school lessons. Ё has been the seventh letter in the Russian alphabet since 1943.
Ё is replaced by Е, especially in printed matter, which confuses newcomers to the Russian language in particular and creates confusion about Russian names. With the exception of textbooks and dictionaries, the use of Ё in the Russian written language is still not considered mandatory. Some writers and publishers keep replacing it with Е; others spell it in any suitable word. For native Russian speakers, using Е instead of Ё does not present any difficulty in reading. In the written context , appropriate words are recognized and automatically pronounced correctly. Only in rare cases is the letter Ё required to clarify correct pronunciation. These are either loan words or those Russian words in which the sequence of "е" and "ё" is meaningful, e.g. E.g .: все ( all ) and всё ( all ).
The letter Ё and its justification for existence is still highly controversial in Russian, as evidenced by some articles in relevant specialist journals and numerous discussion forums on the Internet.
Most of the other Slavic languages written in Cyrillic (for example Bulgarian , Serbian ) do not know the letter Ё; Exceptions to this are Carpathian Russian and Belarusian . However, the letter is used in numerous written Cyrillic languages of Central Asia and the Caucasus. In most non-Russian languages that use the letter, replacing Ё with simple Е is not allowed.
Character encoding
The two characters are contained in the ISO-8859-2 character set at position 203 (capital letter “Ё”) and 235 (lowercase letter “ё”). They are also contained in the Unicode block Cyrillic at the code points U + 0401 (uppercase letter "Ё") and U + 0451 (lowercase letter "ё").
| default | Uppercase Ё | Minuscule ё | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode | Codepoint | U + 0401 | U + 0451 |
| Surname | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO | |
| UTF-8 | D0 81 | D1 91 | |
| XML / XHTML | decimal |
Ё
|
ё
|
| hexadecimal |
Ё
|
ё
|
|
