Rehberger Graben
The Rehberger Graben (also Neuer Rehberger Graben ) is a moat built by the Sankt Andreasberg miners and an important part of the Upper Harz water shelf . It was created at the end of the 17th century to divert water from the Oder to Sankt Andreasberg, where it was used to supply energy by means of water wheels in the mines there.
It is an integral part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Rammelsberg mine, the old town of Goslar and the Upper Harz water management system .
course
The Rehberger Graben is 7.25 km long and runs from the Oderteich along the east side of 893 m above sea level. NN high Rehbergs to the Jordanshöhe just before Sankt Andreasberg . From there it runs underground through the 760 m long Tiefen Gesehr watercourse (completed in 1699, gradient of approx. 8 m) to Sankt Andreasberg. First, the water reaches the Grundstrasse power plant via a pipeline , then to the Teichtal power plant . A little below the power station, the water flow is divided: the larger part reaches the Samsoner Obergraben ( Grüner Hirsch , Silberhütte and Sperrluttertal power stations ), the smaller part into the Help of God pond ( Sieberstollen power station ). Both partial flows are led through a trench or a pipe to the Samson pit . Here the water rushes over two pipes onto the turbines. The Grüner Hirsch power plant is 130 m below the surface , and its water is drained through the 1.4 km long Grünhirscher tunnel (total length 10.2 km) to the Sperrlutter . The trench to the Silberhütte power plant begins on the premises of Paintball Oberharz GmbH (formerly Holzwerk Egon Raschke, Plant II) . Shortly thereafter, a 2 km long ditch above the Sperrlutter leads the water to the Sperrluttertal power plant (Eckold GmbH & Co. KG, all other power plants: Harz Energie GmbH & Co. KG). From here, the water can reach the Oder dam through a tunnel or flow into the Oder via the lock lutter.
The partial flow from the help of God pond supplies the Sieberstollen power plant at a depth of 190 m and is drained into the Sieber via the 3.1 km long Sieber tunnel (total length 13.1 km) .
In addition to the actual source - the Oderteich - the Rehberger Graben is fed by other streams, the largest of which is the chicken broth and the Rehbach near the Oderteich and the 4.2 km long Sonnenberger Graben (built in the 16th century) below the International House Sonnenberg are.
history
As early as 1602 to 1604, the first version of the Rehberger Trench was built about 30 m above today's trench. It was a purely wooden gutter construction made of 9,6 m (5 lights ) long and 68 cm (28 inch ) wide segments. Since the wood had to be constantly renewed, the trench often dried out in summer and frozen over in winter, the construction of today's trench began in 1699 , according to the measurements by Christian Zacharias Koch . Judge Meyer suggested in 1694 that the deep watercourse should finally be driven through in order to reach the waters of the Oder .
The (new) Rehberger Graben was completed on October 11, 1703, but changes and improvements were made regularly in the following years. The trench was systematically lined and partially covered by boulders that were extracted during the blasting work, thus protecting it from burial and winter frost. The Rehberger Graben is a very durable structure that still functions today with very little maintenance.
The trench structure was provided with a uniform gradient of approx. 4.5 ‰ over kilometers and thus has a height difference of 31.9 m over its entire length of 7.2 km.
Originally the Rehberger Graben and its predecessor were created to collect the water on the east side of the Rehberg and from there to lead it to the mines in Sankt Andreasberg, where it was used to drive the water wheels. After completion of the Oder pond , the amount of water increased significantly due to inflows from the east side of the Bruchberg and the west side of the Brocken . In addition, there were practically no more standstills in the mining industry due to the water damming up during dry periods. The trench has a flow capacity of approximately 400 l / s. Overall, the Rehberger Graben was of central importance for mining in Sankt Andreasberg. Today the water of the Rehberger Graben drives six smaller hydropower plants and delivers 6.5 GWh annually.
Todays use
Rehberger Grabenweg
Immediately next to the moat, a wide inspection path was created, which is known as the Rehberger Grabenweg as a popular cycling and hiking path. In the course of the Rehberger Grabenweg there are numerous information boards that provide information about the ditch and the nature surrounding it ( WasserWanderWege ). Like the Rehberger Graben, it leads 7.25 kilometers from the Oderteichdamm to the Jordanshöhe, and another 1.5 kilometers to the center of Sankt Andreasberg. The path is particularly suitable for cyclists because it has hardly any incline, similar to a railway cycle path. The Rehberger Grabenweg is part of the southern Brocken bypass of the Harz Hexenstieges .
Rehberger Grabenhaus
After about 5.8 kilometers from the Oderteich you come to the Rehberger Grabenhaus . Today it is a popular excursion restaurant, from which you can watch the game being fed up close on winter evenings.
goetheplatz
Even Goethe emigrated in 1783 (second Harzreise) and 1784 (3rd Harzreise) on this path. He had Vice-Mining Captain Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich von Trebra show him the contact between granite (an ultra-acid igneous rock) and a metamorphic Grauwacke, the Hornfels, discovered at today's Goetheplatz (a former quarry for extracting the cover plates for the Rehberger Graben) (see Inscription on the sign at Goetheplatz).
Trebra had two large pieces dissected from the contact at Rehberger Graben and gave them to Goethe 30 years later, who had them incorporated into two coffee tables. One of them is shown on the sign on Goetheplatz and is now in the mineralogical collection of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena. The second table is now on the first floor of Goethe's garden house in Weimar.
At the time, Goethe was a supporter of Neptunism , the theory that claims that all rocks come from the oceans. On the exposed rock he observed how the very hard and tough Hornfels had formed through the penetration of glowing granite into the older slate and greywacke rock .
He said that this point proves Neptunism (all rocks come from the sea), since the granite as primary rock from the sea (probably because of the granular structure of the components quartz, feldspar and mica) is also from a granular rock that also comes from the sea , which is superimposed on Grauwacke.
He was wrong, because the granite rose as igneous rock to greywacke 295 million years ago and this greywacke then metamorphically transformed into horn rock.
Only shortly before his death did Goethe correct his view, which could no longer be held. In May 2010, Goetheplatz was named Harz Geotope of the Year .
Up until 2014, the Wilhelm-Block-Hütte was located directly above Goetheplatz , the oldest hut of the Harzklub branch association Sankt Andreasberg. This hut was dismantled by the Harz National Park. A path that is difficult to walk, especially in winter, runs right past this former hut from Goetheplatz up to Rehberger Planweg.
Sign at Goetheplatz
goetheplatz
Geologically significant contact point between granite and Hornfels at Goetheplatz
literature
- Markus Liebermann, Wilfried Ließmann , Andreas Rutsch: 300 years of the Neuer Rehberger Graben. = Jubilee celebration 300 years Rehberger Graben (= contributions to the mining history of Sankt Andreasberg. Volume 3) . Self-published, Sankt Andreasberg 2003.
- Martin Schmidt : The cultural monument of the Upper Harz water shelf . Harzwasserwerke, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2005 ( PDF ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Markus Liebermann, Wilfried Ließmann, Andreas Rutsch: 300 years of the Neuer Rehberger Graben . In: Contributions to the mining history of Sankt Andreasberg . 1st edition. tape 3 . Self-published, Sankt Andreasberg 2003.
- ^ Hans-Heinrich Hillegeist, Wilfried Ließmann (Ed.): Technology transfer and emigration in the area of the Harz mining industry. Proceedings of the 8th Montanhistorischen working conference of the Harzverein für Geschichte und Altertumskunde eV on October 7th, 2000 in Sankt Andreasberg / Harz. (= Harz research. Volume 13) . Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-931836-56-8 . , Excerpt on Google books
- ↑ A gift to Goethe , Mineralogical Collection Friedrich Schiller University Jena, table with a stone slab from Rehberger Graben / Harz
- ↑ http://www.klassik-stiftung.de/ausstellungen-und-veranstaltungen/goethe-2012/weimarer-klassik-kultur-des-sinnlichen/ausstellung/galerie/
- ↑ The Harz Geotope of 2010 in the Goslarschen Zeitung ( page no longer available , search in web archives )