Imperial farming town

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Reichsbauernstadt was the National Socialist honorary title for the city of Goslar from 1936 to 1945.

On January 15, 1934, the Reichsbauernführer and head of the Reichsnährstand Richard Walther Darré declared Goslar to be the seat of the Reichsnährstand, and two years later the city was officially named Reichsbauernstadt . From then until the end of the war, Goslar was the location of the Reichsbauerntage, where the National Socialist state practiced its blood and soil vows.

Blueprints

Goslar as the seat of the Reichsbauernstand should receive numerous new buildings. In addition to event buildings such as the Reichsbauernhalle, administrative buildings and housing estates were planned for the employees of the Reichsbauernstand, who, according to Darré's ideas, should move from metropolitan Berlin to the center of Germany and thus experience the immediate proximity to the peasantry they were to manage. After a lot of back and forth, the site at the Rabenkopf was finally set as the location.

The Reichsbauernhalle was planned by Friedrich Fischer and built for the Reichsbauerntag 1935 at the Wachtelpforte, in the immediate vicinity of the train station ( 51 ° 54 ′ 52.8 ″  N , 10 ° 25 ′ 24.5 ″  E ). The Kattenberg served as a park and parade ground. The plant cost 600,000 RM. After the outbreak of the war, the hall was initially used as a medical depot and grain store, later an armaments production facility was set up in it ("Bottke Company" [= Büssing / NIEMO ]). Around 600 forced laborers were accommodated “in the upper corridors” for this purpose. After the end of the war it served as a transit camp for Soviet prisoners of war and later German returnees. On March 30, 1948, the wooden hall burned down. The site was then z. T. built on, z. T. assigned to the city park.

Furthermore, an imperial farmer school and university was planned, at which young hereditary farm farmers should be trained in the sense of the National Socialist blood and soil ideology. For this purpose, an architecture competition was organized in 1935, for which u. a. Otto Firle , Diez Brandi , Paul Schmitthenner and Kurt Frick submitted designs. These drafts were selected on August 5, 1936 for revision and re-submission in a new competition. These plans were initially postponed due to the advancing war, but courses for the young farmers took place from December 1, 1935 in premises rented by the Klubgartengesellschaft in Hindenburgstrasse. Further rooms were rented in Zeppelinstrasse and Kornstrasse as well as in Haus Hessenkopf, in which, from April 1, 1936, Main Department I of the Reichsbauernstand was housed.

Reichsbauerntage

The first Reichsbauerntag was celebrated in Weimar , but German peasant frenzy did not fit into the image of the city of Goethe and Schiller , which is why a new location was sought. Goslar seemed more suitable to the regime: it was more provincial than Weimar, had a historic town center , a tradition-conscious “national” population, it was in Lower Saxony , the “heartland of Germanic-German peasantry”, it was an old imperial city . The large, gently sloping meadow in front of the Kaiserpfalz Goslar was suitable as a parade ground for the ritual homage to the leaders at the Reichserntedankfeste .

The festivities took place on the Bückeberg near Hameln , but from 1934 a motorcade led from there to Goslar. In Goslar a parade of the SS , the SA and the Jäger Battalion was then carried out in front of the Kaiserpfalz. During a roll call in the evening, lit by countless torches and under the roof of a light dome formed by anti-aircraft searchlights, thousands swore their oath of loyalty to the Führer in quasi-religious devotion . At the end of the harvest festival at the end of September / beginning of October and at the Reich Farmers' Days in November, this ceremony was held against the backdrop of the 1st German Reich.

The Reichsbauerntage took place in Goslar in 1934, 1935, 1936 and 1938. In 1937 they were canceled because of the foot and mouth disease , from 1939 they were no longer held due to the Second World War .

literature

  • Friedhelm Geyer: Goslar during the war and in the years after 1939–1965. An image documentation. Nordharz Druck, Goslar 1997.
  • Lieselotte Krull: Elections and voting behavior in Goslar during the Weimar Republic. History and Homeland Protection Association, Goslar 1982 ( contributions to the history of the city of Goslar - Goslar Fundus 34, ISSN  0175-4653 ).
  • Peter Schyga: Goslar 1918–1945. From the national city to the imperial peasant city of National Socialism. Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 1999, ISBN 3-89534-279-3 ( contributions to the history of the city of Goslar - Goslarer Fundus 46).
  • Searching for traces in the Harz region eV: Thanksgiving and “Blood and Soil”. Bückeberg / Hameln and Goslar 1933 to 1938. Nazi race cult and the contradiction of parishes. Papierflieger Verlag, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2009, ISBN 978-3-86948-048-0 ( Traces of the Harz Contemporary History, special volume 2).
  • Margarete Lemmel: Goslar - Darrés imperial farming town . In: Harz magazine for the Harz association for history and antiquity . Lukas, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86732-252-2 , pp. 160-179 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Margarete Lemmel: Goslar - Darrés Reichsbauernstadt . In: Harz magazine for the Harz association for history and antiquity . Lukas, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86732-252-2 , pp. 173 .
  2. ↑ Margarete Lemmel: Goslar - Darrés Reichsbauernstadt . In: Harz magazine for the Harz association for history and antiquity . Lukas, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86732-252-2 , pp. 168 .
  3. ↑ Peter Schyga, Frank Jacobs, Friedhart Knolle: Spurensuche Harzregion eV In: spurensuche-harzregion.de. Retrieved May 21, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Margarete Lemmel: Goslar - Darrés Reichsbauernstadt . In: Harz magazine for the Harz association for history and antiquity . Lukas, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86732-252-2 , pp. 174 .
  5. ↑ Margarete Lemmel: Goslar - Darrés Reichsbauernstadt . In: Harz magazine for the Harz association for history and antiquity . Lukas, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86732-252-2 , pp. 177 .
  6. ↑ Wasteland recycling - Kattenberg II in Goslar - GOSLAR am Harz, UNESCO World Heritage Site. In: goslar.de. Retrieved May 21, 2018 .
  7. ↑ Wasteland recycling - Kattenberg II in Goslar. Sustainable use of fallow land. (pdf) In: goslar.de. Retrieved May 21, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Margarete Lemmel: Goslar - Darrés Reichsbauernstadt . In: Harz magazine for the Harz association for history and antiquity . Lukas, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86732-252-2 , pp. 170-174 .
  9. ↑ Margarete Lemmel: Goslar - Darrés Reichsbauernstadt . In: Harz magazine for the Harz association for history and antiquity . Lukas, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-86732-252-2 , pp. 169 .

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