Lower Saxony engine works
The Niedersächsische Motorenwerke GmbH , abbreviated NIEMO or NIMO , was an armaments company from Braunschweig during the time of National Socialism , which mainly produced aircraft engines for the German air force .
Company history
By order of the Reich Aviation Ministry , NIEMO was founded in 1935 as an independent subsidiary of Büssing NAG - Vereinigte Nutzkraftwagen AG . The location was Querum , today a district in the northeast of Braunschweig, where Braunschweig Airport and the German Aerospace Center are now located. The architect and later Braunschweig senior building officer Friedrich Wilhelm Kraemer was involved in the construction and planning of the building complex .
Armaments factory
From 1936 onwards, aircraft engines from Daimler-Benz and BMW were built under license at NIEMO to meet the great needs of the Air Force. In 1937/38 the factory facilities were expanded. In the period from 1939 to 1944, 15,872 engines left the plant, over 6,000 of them in 1944 alone, at the height of the bombing war.
During the Second World War, NIEMO was the largest industrial company in Braunschweig, alongside Büssing and Luther-Werke . At times over 7500 people worked there, of which 4138 were civilian foreign workers and 527 were prisoners of war .
From 1944 onwards, the city's armaments industry was increasingly the target of Allied bombing attacks (see e.g. Big Week ), during which the Lower Saxony engine works were also targeted and hit several times. Although the destruction was sometimes serious, it was still possible to maintain production until the end of the war, because the NIEMO had outsourced around 75% of its production capacities by 1944.
post war period
The systems that remained intact were initially partially dismantled before reconstruction began in 1946. At the end of the 1950s, Büssing AG became the owner of the plant, which, however, was deleted from the commercial register in 1960 .
Camp for forced laborers at NIEMO / Büssing
- Subcamp Schillstrasse
- Kralenriede
- Rühmerberg
- Schuntersiedlung
- Mascherode
- Schützenplatz
- Dietrich-Klagges-City
- Concentration camp subcamp SS riding school
- Maternity home for Eastern workers, Broitzemer Strasse 200, today Münchenstrasse.
literature
- Luitgard Camerer , Manfred Garzmann , Wolf-Dieter Schuegraf (eds.): Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon . Joh. Heinr. Meyer Verlag, Braunschweig 1992, ISBN 3-926701-14-5 .
- Gudrun Fiedler , Hans-Ulrich Ludewig : Forced Labor and War Economy in the State of Braunschweig 1939–1945 , Braunschweig 2003, ISBN 3-930292-78-5 .
- Eckhard Fischer: Niedersächsische Motorenwerke GmbH Braunschweig-Querum , In: Contributions to City History , Volume 26, Archive of the City of Salzgitter 2012
- Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Gerhard Schildt (ed.): The Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. A region looking back over the millennia . 2nd Edition. Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2001, ISBN 3-930292-28-9 .
- Jörg Leuschner, Karl Heinrich Kaufhold , Claudia Märtl (eds.): The economic and social history of the Braunschweigisches Land from the Middle Ages to the present , Volume 3: Modern times , Georg Olms, Hildesheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-487-13599-1
- Karl Liedke: The Schillstrasse concentration camp subcamp in Braunschweig 1944–1945. Appelhans, Braunschweig 2006 ISBN 3-937664-38-6
Web links
- Forced labor at Büssing and its NIEMO works. Camp in Braunschweig- Rühme , Rühmerberg and others, excerpt from: Gudrun Fiedler, Hans-Ulrich Ludewig: Forced Labor and War Economy in the State of Braunschweig 1939–1945 , here p. 40
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Camerer, Garzmann, Schuegraf, Pingel: Braunschweiger Stadtlexikon , Braunschweig 1992, p. 149
- ↑ Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Gerhard Schildt (Ed.): Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Millennial review of a region , Braunschweig 2000, p. 1018
- ↑ Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Gerhard Schildt (Ed.): Braunschweigische Landesgeschichte. Millennial review of a region , Braunschweig 2000, p. 1021
- ↑ Industrial warehouse at Schützenplatz
- ↑ online
Coordinates: 52 ° 19 ′ 9 ″ N , 10 ° 33 ′ 22 ″ E